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anatomy
terms and deffinitions
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| epimysium | tissue sheath |
| fascia | connective tissue |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue |
| fibers | single muscle cells |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end to another |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | basic structural and functual unity of the muscle |
| resting membrane potential | the charge distance accross the membrane |
| action potiential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | a nerve cell that carry action potientials to the skeletal muscle |
| neuromusclular junction | each branch that connects to the muscle |
| motor unit | all the skeletal muscle fibers |
| presynaptic terminal | the enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic and the muscle cell |
| postysnaptic vesicles | the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft |
| acetylcholine | the sliding of acting myofilaments past myosin during contraction |
| acetylcholinesterase | contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus |
| sliding filament mechanism | muscle contraction |
| muscle twitch | a contraction of the whole muscle |
| threshold | stimulus reaches a level |
| all or none response | this penomeon |
| lag phase | the begining of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of a contraction |
| relaxation phase | ime during which the muscle reacts |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without reaction |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units |
| creatine phosphate | store high energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| muscle fatigue | results when atp is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cell |
| isometric | equal distance |
| isotonicmuscle tone | equal tension |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish spacific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to one another |
| prime mover | accomplishing the desired movement |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | pucker the lips |
| obicularis orisbuccinator | kissing muscles |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| intrinsic tongue muscle | change shaper of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscle | move the tongue |
| sternocleidomastoid | rotates and abducts head |
| erector spine | keeping the back straight |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphram | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| abdominal wall muscles | hold in the abdominal viscera |
| linea alba | connective tissue |
| rectus abdominis | appear segmented |
| tendinous inscriptions | each side of the linea |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major and latissimus docal muscles | attached to the thorax |
| pectoralis major | flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | extends the arm |
| deltoid | mojor abductor of the upper limb |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachiordialis | supinates forearm |
| retinaculum | strong band of fiborous connective tissue |
| flexor carpi | flexes wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends wrist |
| flexor digitorium | flexes fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends finger |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| interossi | adduction of the fingers |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| quadriceps formoris | extends leg |
| sartorius | flexes thigh |
| hamstring | posterior thigh muscles |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | calf muscle |
| calcaneal tendon | flex foot and toes |
| peroneus | lateral muscles of the leg |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located in the foot |
Created by:
srbradl1
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