Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapter 6 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched | elasticity |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by connective tissue sheath called | epimysium |
| another connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| a muscle that is composed of numerous visible bundles is called | fasciculi |
| fasciculi are surrounded by loose connective tissue called | perimysium |
| fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | endomysium |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with | myofibrils |
| two major kinds of protein fibers | actin and myosin myofilaments |
| thin myofilaments, resemble two minute strands of pearls twisted together | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments, resemble bundles of minute golf clubs | myosin myofilments |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called | sarcomeres |
| basic structural and functional unity of the muscle | sarcomeres |
| charge difference across the membrane is called | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge is called | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle and is near the center of a cell is | neuromusclular junction or synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal is | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cells is the | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| each persynaptic terminal contains | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter is called | acetylcholine |
| sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called | sliding filaments mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle contraction | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | lag phase |
| time of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes is the | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated is called | recruitment |
| what is needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP (adenosine triphospate) |
| rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule called | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen; example lifting | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen; example running | aerobic respiration |
| what is the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| two types of muscle contractions | isometric and isotonic |
| the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process (equal distance) | isometric |
| the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes (equal tension) | isotonic |
| refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast- twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and more resistant to fatigue | slow- twitch fibers |
| define mastication | chewing |
| define all four pairs of mastication muscles | two pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscle |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover. rotates and abducts the head | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back. responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect | erector spinae |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends the forearm. occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm. occupies the anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction | retinaculum |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| buttocks. contributes most of the mass of the buttocks. | gluteus maximus |
Created by:
kgedwards
Popular Anatomy sets