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muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the four major functional characteristics of the skeletal muscle? | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
| a skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | epimysium |
| what is another connective tissue located outside the epimysium? It surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called fasciculi, which are surrounded by loose connective tissue called? | perimysium |
| single muscle cells are called ? | fibers |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | endomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with ? | myofibrils |
| myofibrils consists of 2 major kinds of protein fibers called | actin and myosin |
| thin myofilament is called | actin |
| thick myofilament is called | myosin |
| ability to shorten with force | contractility |
| the capacity to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil | elasticity |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called _____ which are joined end to end to form myofibril | sarcomeres |
| the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle | sarcomere |
| each side of the Z line is a light area called ______, it consists of actin | I band |
| extends the length of the myosin, it is the darker central region in each sarcomere | A band |
| the center of each sarcomere is another light area, which consists of only myosin | H band |
| the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band called the | M line |
| the charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| the brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms | neuromuscular junction, or synapse |
| a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called | motor unit |
| the enlarged nerve terminal is the | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the | synaptic cleft |
| the muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| how is a neuromuscular junction formed? | by an enlarged nerve terminal resting in an indentation of the muscle cell membrane |
| a muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus unit that stimulus reaches a level called | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the | lag phase |
| the time of contraction | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| muscle remains contracted without relaxation | tetany |
| where is ATP produced | in the mitochondria |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction, and is short lived, and unstable | ATP (adenosine triphosphate) |
| is it necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce ATP? | yes |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| 2 types of muscle contraction | isometric, isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin (head) |
| the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| muscles can be named by | location, size, orientation of fibers, shape, origin, insertion, and function |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontails |
| closes the eyelids and causes crows feet, wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| 2 pair of pterygoids | temporalis and masseter |
| changes the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| attached the numerus to the scapula and clavicle, major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends the forearm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| how many muscles are in the hands | 19 |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| extends the leg | quadriceps femoris |
| tailors muscle, flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles | hamstring muscles |
| how many muscles are within the foot | 20 |
Created by:
bresaunders4
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