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anatomy chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| buttocks | gluteous maximus |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| chest muscle | pectoral muscle |
| anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstring muscles |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
| ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to the original resting length | elasticity |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| thin myofilamets | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofiments | myosin myofilaments |
| each skeletal muscle is surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
| each fiber i surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | endomysium |
| threadlike structure that extends from one fiber to another | myofibrils |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of a charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| secretes acetylcholine | synaptic vessicles |
| neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| i bands consist of | actin |
| h bands consist ony | myosin |
| sliding of actin filaments past myosin filaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| where ATP is produced | mitochondria |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
| length of the muscle does not change, but the mount of tension increases during the contraction process | isometric |
| length of the muscle changes, but the amount o tension being produced by the muscle is constant during contraction | isotonic |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| points of attachment of each muscle | origin and insertion |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin(head) |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
| joined end to end to form a myofibril | sarcomeres |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin | orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| kissing muscles | orbicular oris and buccinator |
| smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superioris |
| frowning | depressor anguli oris |
| chewing | mastication |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| most involved in breathing | external intercostals and internal intercostals |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| area of abdominal wall that consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle | linea alba |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| the arm is attached to the thorax by | the pectoralis major and lattissimus dorsi muscles |
| adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm "swimmer muscles" | latissimus dorsi muscles |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
| extends the forearm occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm occupies the anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction | retinaculum(bracelet) |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| 19 hand muscles located in the hand | intrinsic hand muscles |
| located between the metacarpals responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | interossi muscles |
| hip muscle and common injection site | gluteus medius |
| "tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| calcaneal tendon | Achilles tendon |
| lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus muscles |
| 20 muscles located within the foot | intrinsic foot muscles |
| what do intrinsic foot muscles do | flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes |
| Adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| Adenosine diphosphate | ADP |
Created by:
mirandague