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anatomy chapter 6
Question | Answer |
---|---|
buttocks | gluteous maximus |
muscle cells | muscle fibers |
chest muscle | pectoral muscle |
anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
posterior thigh muscle | hamstring muscles |
group of muscles on each side of the back | erector spinae |
ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | contractility |
ability to be stretched | extensibility |
ability to recoil to the original resting length | elasticity |
capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
thin myofilamets | actin myofilaments |
thick myofiments | myosin myofilaments |
each skeletal muscle is surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
connective tissue located outside the epimysium | fascia |
each fiber i surrounded by this connective tissue sheath | endomysium |
threadlike structure that extends from one fiber to another | myofibrils |
charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
brief reversal back of a charge | action potential |
nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
secretes acetylcholine | synaptic vessicles |
neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
i bands consist of | actin |
h bands consist ony | myosin |
sliding of actin filaments past myosin filaments during contraction | sliding filament mechanism |
contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers | muscle twitch |
where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
where ATP is produced | mitochondria |
without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
with oxygen | aerobic respiration |
results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells | muscle fatigue |
length of the muscle does not change, but the mount of tension increases during the contraction process | isometric |
length of the muscle changes, but the amount o tension being produced by the muscle is constant during contraction | isotonic |
contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
points of attachment of each muscle | origin and insertion |
most stationary end of the muscle | origin(head) |
end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
one muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
joined end to end to form a myofibril | sarcomeres |
raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin | orbicularis oculi |
puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
kissing muscles | orbicular oris and buccinator |
smiling muscle | zygomaticus |
sneering | levator labii superioris |
frowning | depressor anguli oris |
chewing | mastication |
4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
most involved in breathing | external intercostals and internal intercostals |
elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
area of abdominal wall that consists of white connective tissue rather than muscle | linea alba |
rotates scapula | trapezius |
pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
the arm is attached to the thorax by | the pectoralis major and lattissimus dorsi muscles |
adducts and flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm "swimmer muscles" | latissimus dorsi muscles |
attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb | deltoid |
extends the forearm occupies the posterior compartment of the arm | triceps brachii |
flexes the forearm occupies the anterior compartment of the arm | biceps brachii |
flexes forearm | brachialis |
flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons and holds them in place around the wrist so that they do not "bowstring" during muscle contraction | retinaculum(bracelet) |
flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
19 hand muscles located in the hand | intrinsic hand muscles |
located between the metacarpals responsible for abduction and adduction of the fingers | interossi muscles |
hip muscle and common injection site | gluteus medius |
"tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh | sartorius |
form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
calcaneal tendon | Achilles tendon |
lateral muscles of the leg | peroneus muscles |
20 muscles located within the foot | intrinsic foot muscles |
what do intrinsic foot muscles do | flex extend, abduct, and adduct the toes |
Adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
Adenosine diphosphate | ADP |