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Muscular System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is the function of the muscle system? | Attach to bones to provide movement, produce heat and energy for the body, and maintain posture as well as body position. |
| Another name for the muscular system | Musculoskeletal system. |
| How many muscles? | More than 600 muscles. (640-650) |
| Four characteristics of muscles include: | Excitability-irritability, the ability to respond to stimulus like nerve impulse Contractibility-Muscles fibers stimulated by nerves contract, causing movement Extensibility-Ability to be stretched Elasticity- Original shape after contract/stretched. |
| Three types of muscles and where are they located? | Skeletal (striated) muscled tissue is found attached to the bones. Cardiac muscle tissue forms the walls of the heart and contracts to circulate blood. Visceral/smooth muscle tissue is found in the internal organs. |
| Flexion | Decreases angle of joint and brings two bones closer together. |
| Extension | Opposite of flexion. |
| Rotation | Movement of a bone in longitudinal axis, shaking head no. |
| Abduction | Movement away from the midline |
| Adduction | Movement towards the midline. |
| Circumduction | Movement in a circular motion. |
| Supination | Specific movements of hands or feet, to rate the limb toward the outside or hands facing upward (movement of the forearm). |
| Pronation | Specific movements of hands or feet, to rotate the limb toward the inside or hands facing downward ( movement of the forearm). |
| Movement is.. | attained due to a muscle moving an attached bone. |
| Muscles are... | attached to at least two points (work in pairs) |
| Origin | The part of the muscle that is attached to a fixed structure/bone. |
| Insertion | The part of muscle attached to a. movable part of the part. |
| Prime mover | muscle with thee major responsibility for a certain movement. |
| Antagonist | muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover (biceps and triceps). |
| Muscle tone | Muscles are always in a state of slight contraction and ready to pull. |
| Muscles can _ but CANNOT _. | pull/push |
| When a muscle is fatigued, it is unable too.. | contract |
| The common reason for muscle fatigue is.. | oxygen debt |
| Dorsiflexion | Bending backward or bending the foot toward the knee. |
| Plantar Flexion | Bending forward or bending the foot away from the knee. |
| Myasthenia Gravis | Chronic condition where nerve impulses are not properly transmitted to the muscles creating abnormal weakness of certain muscle. Men over 60 and women under 40 are at higher risk. |
| Fibromyalgia | Widespread muscle pain and tenderness. It's a chronic disease and is often accompanied by fatigue and altered sleep, memory, and mood. Females are more likely to suffer from this condition. |
| Strain | Overstretched, torn, or twisted tendon or muscle. It involves an injury to a muscle or the band of tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone. |
| Sprain | A stretching or tearing of ligaments. It injures the bands of tissue that connects two bones together. |
| RICE | Rest Ice to reduce swelling Compression Elevation |
| Muscle spasms or cramps | Sudden, painful, involuntary muscle contractions resulting from exertion, low electrolyte levels, or poor circulation. |
| Shin splints | Pain and tenderness along or just behind the inner edge of the tibia, the large bone in the lower leg. Also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, usually develops after physical activity, such as vigorous exercise or sports. |
| Contracture | A fixed tightening of muscle, tendons, ligaments, or skin. It prevents normal movement of the associated body part. An injury such as a severe burn can cause contracture of the skin. The skin becomes scarred and nonelastic. |
| Tetanus | Infection caused by bacteria called Clostridium tetanus. When the bacteria invade the body, they produce a poison that causes painful muscle contractions. It causes "lockjaw". It makes it hard to open mouth and/or swallow. |
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy | A genetic disease which causes rapid weakness and eating of muscles. Males are more likely to develop symptoms than are women. Occurs in 0.3% of male infants in the population. |
| AMB | Ambulate |
| IM | Intramuscular |
| Asthenia, asthen | Weakening |
| Desis | To bind, tie together. |
| My/o | Muscle |
| Ten/o | Tendon |
| Ton/o | Tone, tension, or stretching |
| Flex/o | Bend |
| Plegia | Paralysis |
| Frontalis | Location: On either side of the forehead. Function: Cover and protect the skull. |
| Nasalis | Location: Found over nasal bone. Function: Closes and opens the nasal openings. |
| Zygomaticus Major | Location: Corner of the mouth. Function: Raises corner of the mouth. |
| Orbicularis Oculi | Location: Eye orbit. Function: Closes the eyelid. |
| Trapezius | Location: Large triangular muscle located on the upper surface of the back. Function: Moves the shoulder, extends the head. |
| Sternocleidomastoid | Location: Large muscle extending diagonally down the sides of the neck. Function: Flexes head, rotates head. |
| Deltoid | Location: Thick triangular muscle that corners the shoulder joint. Function: Abducts the upper arm. |
| Triceps Bronchii | Location: Posterior arm to ulna. Function: Extends the lower arm. |
| Pectoralis Major | Location: Part of the chest. Function: Flexes the upper arm. |
| Biceps Brochii | Location: upper arm radius. Function: Flexes the lower arm. |
| Rectus Abdominis | Location: Located in the front of the body. Function: The muscle is activated while doing crunches because it pulls the ribs and pelvis in and curves the back. |
| External oblique | Location: Lateral and anterior sheet like abdominal muscles. Function: Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen. |
| Internal Oblique | Location: Abdominal muscles deep to external oblique. Function: Bilateral contraction flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen. |
| Diaphragm | Location: Extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. Function: Responsible for breathing. |
| Sartorius Muscle | Location: Diagonal from anterior superior iliac spine to medial surface of tibia. Function: Flexes leg and flexes abducts and rotates thigh. |
| Tibalis anterior | Location: Originates in the upper two thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia. Function: Flexes the foot and supports the heel. |
| Gluteus Maximus | Location: Each sides of the hips. Function: Extends femur. |
| Gastrocnemius | Location: Calf muscle. Function: Flexes the lower leg. |
| Soleus | Location: A flat muscle that’s beneath the Gastrocnemius. Function: Extends foot. |
| Calcaneal | Location: Heel. Function: This tendon connects the calf muscle to the heel bone. |
| Which types of major muscles are voluntary/involuntary? Name them | Voluntary: Skeletal muscle. Involuntary: Cardiac muscle and visceral/smooth muscles. |
| What is one characteristic of cardiac muscle that differentiates it from any other muscle in the human body? | It contains intercalated discs. |
| Main cardiac muscle | Myocardium |
| What are skeletal muscles attached to? | Tendons |
| Which major muscle group makes up about 40% of the body’s total mass? | Skeletal muscle group |
| What is the main function of the diaphragm? | Main muscle of respiration. Contraction of the diaphragm muscle expands the lungs during inspiration when one is breathing air in. |
Created by:
NataliaO
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