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Lecture test 3
Helps to study the structures of the human body
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| When the path ways of nociceptors from the skin and from the internal organs converge, resulting the brain being unable to determine where the arriving signals are coming from, its called _______________ | Referred pain |
| The structure that prevents foreign objects from passing beyond the front of the eye is the ________________ | Conjunctival sac |
| The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system ____________________ | Constricts the pupil of the eye |
| Which of the following nerve fibers of the autonomic nervous system are adrenergic? | Most sympathetic postganglionic fibers |
| The change in rate of rotation (or angular acceleration of the body is detected by the _________________ | Semicircular ducts |
| While the nervous system causes muscles to contract or glands to secrete, the endocrine system ________________________ | Causes changes in the metabolic activities in cells |
| The triangular middle chamber of the cochlea ( which is filled with endolymph and which contains the organ of Corti) is called the ____________________ | Cochlear duct |
| The cupula is a gelatinous structure found in a semicircular canal of the inner ear. Most of the semicircular canal is about the same width, but the cupula is found in an enlarged portion called the _______________ | Ampulla |
| The ___________________ is the upper chamber of the cochlea. It's filled with perilymph, and it runs from the oval window to the apex | Scala vestibuli |
| The posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is called ____________________ | The neurohypophysis |
| Where do we find the olfactory mucosa? | On the roof (or ceiling) of the nasal cavity |
| A hormone that is a lipid that is synthesized from cholesterol is a _________________ hormone | Steroid |
| Fluid in the space within the membranous labyrinth is called ______________________ | Endolymph |
| The division of the autonomic nervous system that we associate with the fight or flight response, that increases alertness, heart rate, blood pressure, and pulmonary airflow, is the ____________ division | Sympathetic |
| Most of the taste buds sensitive to salty substances are located _______________________ | On the side of the tongue |
| _______________ is a gland found in front of, and on either side of the voicebox | The thyroid gland |
| The fovea centralis is located where? | The location in the eye that has the keenest vision, because of its high concentration of cone cells |
| The central portion of the bony labyrinth is called the ________________ | Vestibule |
| To reduce the force of vibrations, a muscle called the ______________ is connected to the malleus | Tensor Tympani |
| Some receptors have nerve fibers that wrap around hair follicles to monitor movements of hair. These are called______________ | Hair receptors |
| The thickness, or resistance to flow, of blood is referred to as its _______________ | Viscosity |
| After about 120 days, _______________ become trapped in (and are destroyed by) the spleen | Erythrocytes |
| What does the inner ear not contain? | Ciliary body |
| The otolithic membrane is resistant to changes in movement because it supports microscopic crystals of calcium carbonate called ________________________ | Otoliths |
| _______________ are cells that begins as pluripotent stem cells in bone marrow | Both B lymphocytes and t lymphocytes |
| Somesthetic projections pathways are pathways followed by sensory signals to their ultimate destinations in the CNS. Most somesthetic signals travel by way of ____________________ | Three neurons |
| The ____________ is the area monitored by a single sensory neuron. If two stimuli are simultaneously applied here, the brain cannot perceive them as separate | Receptive field |
| Cells of the eye that cannot distinguish colors from one another, but which detect variations in lightness and darkness are called __________________ | Rod cells |
| ________________ are receptors wrap around special muscle fibers or contact the end of muscle fibers to detect stretch in a muscle and trigger a variety of skeletal reflexes | Muscle spindles |
| Vibration of the ____________ cause vibration of the malleus | Tympanic membrane |
| The intensity or _______________ of sound is measured in decibels | Loudness |
| Hormones of the adrenal cortex that stimulate the growth of pubic and axillary hair are called _________________ | Sex steroids |
| The auditory canal is a tube that extends from the __________ to the tympanic membrane | Auricle |
| Platelets reduce blood flow by _____________________ | Secreting vasoconstrictors, sticking together to form plugs, secreting procoagulants |
| The _________________ produces a hormone that influences the rate at which the body consumes calories | Thyroid gland |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone are both under the control of __________________ | Gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
| Some parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system by way of which nerve? | Oculomotor nerve |
| The Auditory tube connects the nasopharynx to the tympanic cavity. Because of this connection, swallowing equalizes pressure on both sides of the ___________ | Tympanic membrane |
| The ___________________ papillae are found primarily on the tip and side of the tongue and are shaped somewhat like mushrooms. Each has about three taste buds on its apex. | Fungiform |
| The opening into which the _________ fits is the oval window | Stapes |
| Which of the following is considered a general sense | Pain |
| Which of the following is a result of stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system | Glucose is released from the liver |
| _____________ are receptors for deep pressure, stretch, and high-frequency vibration that consist of layers of schwann cells surrounding on or more sensory nerve fibers. They're found in places like the pancreas, hands, and feet | Lamellated corpuscles |
| _____________ cells migrate from the bone marrow to the cortex of the thymus where they achieve immunocompetence and undergo selection | T lymphocytes |
| ____________ are receptors that respond to physical forces on cells, caused by touch pressure, tension or vibration. They include the organs of hearing, and many receptors, | Mechanoreceptors |
| ____________ cells are shaped somewhat like bowling pins | Olfactory |
| ________ are leukocytes that are the rarest of the white blood cells. They secrete histamine or heparine, and they have dark violet (dark blue) staining granules | Basophils |
| What system reabsorbs the tissues fluids that are not pulled back into the blood through capillaries and venules? | The lymphatic system |
| Which of the following is a function of transport proteins? | They produce hormones from being broken down by enzymes |
| Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic division? | Increased activity of the salivary gland |
| The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system has nerve fibers that originate in the _____________ region of the spinal cord | Brain and spinal cord |
| Blood calcium levels ( levels of calcium in the blood) are decreased by hormones released by the __________________ | Thyroid Gland |
| The utricle is sensitive to ___________ acceleration | Horizontal |
| Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system innervate the heart. What kind of neurons innervate the adrenal medulla? | Preganglionic |
| ____________ are the most abundant plasma solutes by weight | Proteins |
| The term for achieving sharp focus with the eye (through making adjustments in the shape of the lens) is called __________________ | Accommodation |
| The two hormones transported from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary are oxytocin and antiduretic hormone | Prolactin |
| Olfactory receptor cells are sensitive to chemical stimuli, and they transmit the sensation of olfaction to the _________________ | Cerebral cortex |
| Insulin secretion rises during and immediately after a meal which helps stimulate cells to absorb nutrients and store or metabolize them. Insulin is produced by the _______________ | Pancreas |
| Cells in the blood that are known for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide are called _____________________ | Erythrocytes |
| The sensation of gustation is sent to the cerebral cortex from ____________________ | Taste buds |
| The mixed endocrine and exocrine glands that secretes insulin is the ____________________ | Pancreas |
| The _________________ is responsible for unconscious, automatic, stereotyped responses to stimulation that is involve receptors and effectors | Autonomic nervous system |
| The transparent fluid that fills the space anterior to the lens of the eye (but behind the cornea) is called the ___________________ | Aqueous humor |
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mar2769