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P Mylin Study Stack
Endocrine System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| calc/o | calcium |
| crin/o | secrete |
| gluc/o | sugar, sweetness |
| glyc/o | sugar, sweetness |
| glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
| home/o | same, alike |
| kal/i | potassium ( an electrolyte) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| -crine | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -gen | forming, producing, origin |
| -toxic | poison |
| -uria | urine |
| eu- | good, normal |
| exo- | outside, outward |
| hyper- | excessive, above normal |
| hypo- | under, below |
| poly- | many, much |
| Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly |
| Increased formation and secretion of urine | diuresis |
| Hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells | glucagon |
| Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion | glucose |
| Presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine | glycosuria |
| Multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball) | Graves disease |
| Escessive distribution of body hair, especially in women | hirsutism |
| Excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia |
| Excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia |
| Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma)in the body | hypervolemia |
| Abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | insulinoma |
| Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity |
| Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity |
| Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity | panhypopituitarism |
| Small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla | pheochromocytoma |
| Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis | thyroid storm |
| Masculine or having characteristics of a man | virile |
| Masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman | virilism |
| Test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease | exophthalmometry |
| Test that measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals | glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
| Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function | thyroid function test (TFT) |
| Administration of radioactive iodine (RAI) orally or intravenously (IV) as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from the blood | radioactive iodine uptake |
| After injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland | thyroid scan |
| Excision of the thymus gland | thymectomy |
| Excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| Method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid | partial thyroidectomy |
| Removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism | subtotal thyroidectomy |
| Reduce or control excretion of urine | antidiuretics |
| Treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3, and T4 hormone | antithyroids |
| Replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) | corticosteroids |
| Increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults | growth hormone replacements |
| Lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose) | insulins |
| Treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin | oral antidiabetics |
| Replace or supplement thyroid hormones | thyroid supplements |
| Adrenal cortex - promotes secretions of some hormones by adrenal cortex, especially cortisol (Hypersecretion causes Cushing's disease) | adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) |
| Ovaries - in females, stimulates egg production; increases secretion of estrogenTestes - in males, stimulates sperm production (Hyposecretion-failure of sexual maturation) | Follicle-stimulating (FSH) |
| Bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues - stimulates somatic growth; increase use of fats for energy | Growth hormone (GH) somatotropin |
| Ovaries - in females, promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesteroneTestes - in males, promotes secretion of testosterone | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Breast - in conjunction with other hormones, promotes lactation | Prolactin |
| Thyroid gland - stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone (Hypersecretion - Graves disease) | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| adren/o | adrenal glands |
| adrenal/o | adrenal glands |
| calc/o | calcium |
| crin/o | secrete |
| gluc/o | sugar, sweetness |
| glyc/o | sugar, sweetness |
| glycos/o | sugar, sweetness |
| home/o | same, alike |
| kal/i | potassium ( an electrolyte) |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| parathyroid/o | parathyroid glands |
| thym/o | thymus gland |
| thyr/o | thyroid gland |
| thyroid/o | thyroid gland |
| toxic/o | poison |
| -crine | secrete |
| -dipsia | thirst |
| -gen | forming, producing, origin |
| -toxic | poison |
| -uria | urine |
| eu- | good, normal |
| exo- | outside, outward |
| hyper- | excessive, above normal |
| hypo- | under, below |
| poly- | many, much |
| Chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw | acromegaly |
| Increased formation and secretion of urine | diuresis |
| Hormone secreted by the pancreatic alpha cells | glucagon |
| Simple sugar that is the end product of carbohydrate digestion | glucose |
| Presence of glucose in the urine or abnormal amount of sugar in the urine | glycosuria |
| Multisystem autoimmune disorder characterized by pronounced hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid gland and exophthalmos (abnormal protrusion of the eyeball) | Graves disease |
| Escessive distribution of body hair, especially in women | hirsutism |
| Excessive amount of calcium in the blood | hypercalcemia |
| Excessive amount of potassium in the blood | hyperkalemia |
| Abnormal increase in the volume of circulating fluid (plasma)in the body | hypervolemia |
| Abnormal condition of low sodium in the blood | hyponatremia |
| Tumor of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | insulinoma |
| Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight | obesity |
| Body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight | morbid obesity |
| Total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity | panhypopituitarism |
| Small chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla | pheochromocytoma |
| Crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism caused by the release into the bloodstream of increased amount of thyroid hormone; also called thyroid crisis or thyrotoxic crisis | thyroid storm |
| Masculine or having characteristics of a man | virile |
| Masculinization in a woman or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman | virilism |
| Test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball (exophthalmos) as seen in Graves disease | exophthalmometry |
| Test that measures the body's ability to metabolize carbohydrates by administering a standard dose of glucose and measuring glucose levels in the blood and urine at regular intervals | glucose tolerance test (GTT) |
| Test that detects an increase or decrease in thyroid function | thyroid function test (TFT) |
| Administration of radioactive iodine (RAI) orally or intravenously (IV) as a tracer to test how quickly the thyroid gland takes up (uptake) iodine from the blood | radioactive iodine uptake |
| After injection of a radioactive substance, a scanner detects radioactivity and visualizes the thyroid gland | thyroid scan |
| Excision of the thymus gland | thymectomy |
| Excision of the thyroid gland | thyroidectomy |
| Method of choice for removing a fibrous, nodular thyroid | partial thyroidectomy |
| Removal of most of the thyroid to relieve hyperthyroidism | subtotal thyroidectomy |
| Reduce or control excretion of urine | antidiuretics |
| Treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3, and T4 hormone | antithyroids |
| Replace hormones lost in adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease) | corticosteroids |
| Increase skeletal growth in children and growth hormone deficiencies in adults | growth hormone replacements |
| Lower blood glucose by promoting its entrance into body cells and converting glucose to glycogen (a starch-storage form of glucose) | insulins |
| Treat type 2 diabetes mellitus by stimulating the pancreas to produce more insulin and decrease peripheral resistance to insulin | oral antidiabetics |
| Replace or supplement thyroid hormones | thyroid supplements |
| Adrenal cortex - promotes secretions of some hormones by adrenal cortex, especially cortisol (Hypersecretion causes Cushing's disease) | adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) |
| Ovaries - in females, stimulates egg production; increases secretion of estrogenTestes - in males, stimulates sperm production (Hyposecretion-failure of sexual maturation) | Follicle-stimulating (FSH) |
| Bone, cartilage, liver, muscle, and other tissues - stimulates somatic growth; increase use of fats for energy | Growth hormone (GH) somatotropin |
| Ovaries - in females, promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesteroneTestes - in males, promotes secretion of testosterone | Luteinizing hormone (LH) |
| Breast - in conjunction with other hormones, promotes lactation | Prolactin |
| Thyroid gland - stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone (Hypersecretion - Graves disease) | Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) |
| Kidney - increases water reabsorption (water returns to blood) | Antidiuretic hormoce (ADH) |
| Uterus - stimulates uterine contractions; initiates laborBreast - promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands | Oxytocin |
| Regulates calcium levels in the blood in conjunction with parathyroid hormone; secreted when calcium levels in the blood are high in order to maintain homeostasis | Calcitonin |
| Increases energy production from all food types | Thyroxine (T4) |
| Increases rate of protein synthesis | triidothyronine (T3) |
| Bones - increases the reabsorption of calcium and phosphate from bone to blood; Kidneys - increases calcium absorption and phosphate excretion; Small intestine - increases absorption of calcium and phosphate | Parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
| Body cells - promote gluconogenesis; regulate metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats; and helps depress inflammatory and immune responses | Glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)Hyposecretion - Addison's DiseaseHypersecretion - Cushing syndrome |
| Kidneys - increase blood levels of sodium and decrease blood levels of potassium in the kidneys | MineralocorticoidsHyposecretion - Addison's DiseaseHypersecretion - aldosteronism |
| In females, possible responsible for female libido and source of estrogen after menopause (otherwise, effects in adults are insignificant) | Sex hormones (any of the androgens, estrogens, or related steroid hormones) produced by the ovaries, testes and adrenal cortices |
| Sympathetic nervous system target organs - hormone effects mimic sympathetic nervous system activation (sympathomimetic), increase metabolic and heart rate, and raise blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction | Epinephrine and norepinephrine |
| Liver and blood - raises blood glucose level by accelerating conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver (glycogenolysis) and other nutrients into glucose in the liver (gluconeogenesis) and releasing glucose into blood (glycogen to glucose) | Glucagon |
| Tissue cells - lowers blood glucose level by accelerating glucose transsport into cells and the use of that glucose for energy production (glucose to glycogen) | Insulin |
| ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| ADH | antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) |
| BMI | body mass index |
| BMR | basal metabolic rate |
| DI | diabetes insipidus; diagnostic imaging |
| DKA | diabetic ketoacidosis |
| DM | diabetes mellitus |
| FSH | follicle stimulating hormone |
| GH | growth hormone |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| K | potassium |
| LH | luteinizing hormone |
| md/dl, mg/dL | milligrams per deciliter |
| MSH | melanocyte-stimulating hormone |
| NPH | neutral protamine Hagedorn (insulin) |
| PBI | protein bound iodine |
| PRL | prolactin |
| PGH | parathyroid hormone; also called parathromone |
| RAI | radioactive iodine |
| RAIU | radioactive iodine uptake |
| T3 | triiodothyronine (thyroid hormone) |
| T4 | thyroxine (thyroid hormone) |
| TFT | thyroid function test |
| TSH | thyroid-stimulating hormone |
Created by:
pmylin
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