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ANS, eye & brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the ANS? | a system of motor neurons that innervate smooth & cardiac muscle as well as glands of the body |
| What does the ANS regulate? | visceral functions |
| ANS visceral functions | - heart rate - BP - urination - digestion |
| Preganglionic neurotransmitter | acetylcholine - cholinergic |
| sympathetic | fight or flight |
| parasympathetic | rest & digest |
| what is another name for sympathetics? | thoracolumbar |
| where do sympathetics come from | T1-L2 (lateral horn) |
| sympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters? | norepinephrine - adrenergic |
| what is another name for parasympathetics? | craniosacral |
| parasympathetic postganglionic neurotransmitters? | acetylcholine - cholinergic |
| parasympathetic cranial nerves | III, VII, IX |
| what cranial nerves travel with CN V? | III, VII, IX |
| innervation of CN III (oculomotor) | smooth muscle of the eye - pupil constriction - lens buldge |
| where does the preganglionic neuron of CN III originate? | accessory oculomotor nucleus in the midbrain |
| what is the postganglionic neuron of CN III? | ciliary ganglion |
| where does the preganglionic neuron of CN VII originate? | lacrimal gland - in the lacrimal nucleus in the pons salivary glands - in the superior salivary nucleus in the pons |
| where does the preganglionic neuron of CN IX originate? | inferior salvatori nucleus in the medulla |
| what is the postganglionic neuron of CN VII? | lacrimal gland - pterygopalatine ganglion salivary glands - submandibular ganglion |
| what is the postganglionic neuron of CN IX? | otic ganglion |
| sacral outflow | S2-S4 |
| what does the sacral outflow carry? | preganglionic parasympathetic fibers |
| what areas do parasympathetics have NO effect on? | - sweat glnds - goose bumps - peripheral blood vessels (vasoconstriction) |
| paravertebral ganglia | on both sides of the vertebral column - linked by chains |
| prevertebral ganglia | not paired - only in abdomen or pelvis |
| preganglionic axons that go to the head | T1-T4 |
| preganglionic axons that go to thoracic organs | T1-T6 |
| preganglionic axons that go to abdominal organs | T5-L2 |
| preganglionic axons that go to pelvic organs | T10-T12 |
| parasympathetic stimulation of eye muscles | pupillary constriction |
| sympathetic stimulation of eye muscles | pupillary dilation |
| tensor tympani | dampen sounds |
| stapedius | stabilizes stapes |
| chordates tympani | no function in middle ear |
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