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A&P lll
Lymphatic System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are 2 types of immunity | Innate or nonspecific immunity Adaptive or specific immunity |
| which type of immunity is present at birth | innate or nonspecific immunity |
| define innate or nonspecific immunity | No specific recognition of invaders, no memory component 1st and 2nd line of defenses |
| define Adaptive or specific immunity | Specific recognition of invaders with a memory component |
| true or false lymphatic system is an open end system | true |
| Interstitial fluid and lymph are very similar. What is their major difference | Their major difference is location |
| what does the lymphatic system consist of (not just organs of the system) | Consists of lymph, lymphatic vessels, structures and organs containing lymphatic tissue, red bone marrow |
| function of the lymphatic system | Drain excess interstitial fluid Return leaked plasma proteins to the blood Transport dietary lipid and lipid soluble vitamins (K, E, D, and A) Carry our immune responses |
| name the lymph organs | Lymph nodes Spleen Thymus Lymph Lymph capillaries Lymph vessels Lymphatic trunks Lymph ducts - |
| what do lymph nodes do | As lymph flows through the nodes, cells filter out and destroy foreign matter |
| describe Lymph nodes and its function | bean-shaped structures consisting of a mass of B lymphocytes supported by a meshwork of reticular fibers in which are scattered phagocytic cells |
| what does a lymph node filter | lymphatic fluid |
| what kind of cell is a lymph node | B cell |
| true or false Many types of cancer cells are spread by way of the lymphatic system | true |
| which is the Largest lymphoid organ in a body | spleen |
| where is the spleen located | Located between stomach & diaphragm in the LUQ (left hypochondriac region) |
| which organ is specialized to filter blood | spleen |
| where is the thymus | Thymus: overlies base of heart |
| what happens the thymus from infancy to a adolescents | large during infancy and childhood; undergoes atrophy in adolescence |
| where is the thymus gland located | Located in mediastinum |
| thymus gland secretes what | Tymosins (hormones) |
| name the groups of tonsils and location | pharyngeal tonsils (or adenoids) in nasopharynx palatine tonsils in oral cavity lingual tonsils along posterior one-third of the tongue |
| where does lymph empty | lymph empties into bloodstream through venous blood flow |
| describe Lymphatic capillaries | Slightly larger in diameter then blood capillaries Unique one-way structure Permits interstitial fluid to flow in and not out |
| what is Lymphatic capillaries function | to transport digested fats from the small intestine into blood. |
| What is lymph | Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels |
| where does lymph flow through | Lymph flow through the lymphatic capillaries |
| where does lymph flow through after the capillaries | into Right Lymphatic Duct and Thoracic Duct (Left Lymphatic Duct). |
| Is The thoracic duct left or right | (left lymphatic duct) |
| The right lymphatic duct drains where | lymph from the upper right side of the body. |
| Lymphatic vessels empty into | right and left subclavian veins |
| Lymph flows is a result of the what kind of action | milking action of skeletal muscle contractions and respiratory movements. |
| true or false Lymphatic Organs & Tissues are distributed mimually throughout the body | false, they are distributed widely |
| Primary lymphatic organs provide environment for what | stem cells to divide & mature into B and T lymphocytes |
| red bone marrow gives rise to what | to mature B cells |
| what is Metastatic | Secondary tumor sites can be predicted by direction of lymphatic flow from primary site |
| what is LYMPHANGITIS | Inflammation of the lymph vessels |
| what causes LYMPHANGITIS | Common cause bacteria called streptococcus pyogenes |
| what is LYMPHEDEMA | Occurs due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue due to tumor pressure, parasites, or surgery |
| what is Elephantiasis | blockage by parasitic worms |
| what is LYMPHADENOPATHY | disease of the lymph nodes Lymph nodes become swollen/ enlarged and may be painful and tender on palpation |
| what is LYMPHOMAS | Cancers originating either from the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes or the lymphatic tissue in organs |
| what is Neoplasms | new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer |
| examples of Malignant lymphoma | Hodgkin’s lymphoma Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma |
| describe key elements of LYMPHOMA | Always malignant Accounts for 3% of all malignant diseases Malignant cells infiltrate lymph nodes spleen, thymus or bone marrow Hodgkin’s Non-Hodgkin’s |
| how many types of Non-Hodgkin’s LYMPHOMA are there | 2 |
| what are the types of Non-Hodgkin’s LYMPHOMA | B-cell neoplasm or T-cell neoplasm NK-cell neoplasm |
| how many stages are there in Hodgkin’s LYMPHOMA | 4 |
| what are the stages of Hodgkin’s LYMPHOMA | 1. Involvement of a single lymph node region 2. Two or more lymph node regions on the same side of diaphragm 3. Involvement lymph nodes on both sides of diaphragm w/o spleen involvement 4. Wide spread dissemination with involvement of extranodal tiss |
| what are the survival rates for the stages of odgkin’s LYMPHOMA | l (90% - 10 years survival) ll(90% - 10 years survival) lll lV(50% - 5 years survival) |
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knt5411
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