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BSC105-Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ability for muscles to contract/shorten | Contractility |
| 4 major characteristics of muscle contraction | Contractility, Excitability, Extensibility, Elasticity |
| capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil to original resting length | elasticity |
| connective tissue sheath surrounding each skeletal muscle | epimysium |
| connective tissue that the surrounds and separates muscles | fascia |
| loose connective tissue that surrounds muscle fascicle | perimysium |
| connective tissue sheath that surrounds each fiber | endomysium |
| fills the cytoplasm if each fiber | myofibrils |
| 2 major kinds of protein fibers in the myofibrils | actin and myosin |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| highly ordered units formed by actin and myosin | sarcomeres |
| muscle cells | muscle fibers |
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| chest muscle | pectoral muscle |
| back muscle | latissimus dorsi |
| closes the eye lid | orbicularis oculi |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| Adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| Anterior thigh muscle | quadriceps femoris |
| posterior thigh muscle | hamstrings |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| each branch that connects to the muscle forms a | neuromusclular junction |
| another word for a neuromusclular junction | synapse |
| a single motor cell neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called a | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cleft |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | linea alba |
| on each side of the linea alba | rectus abdominis |
| cross the rectus abdominis at three or more locations | tendinous inscriptions |
| raises the eyebrows | occipitofrontalis |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| chewing | mastication |
| change the shape of the tongue | intrinsic tongue muscles |
| move the tongue | extrinsic tongue muscles |
| elevate the ribs during inspiration | external intercostals |
| contract during forced expiration | internal intercostals |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | diaphragm |
| lateral neck muscle and prime mover | sternocleidomastoid |
| rotates scapula | trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | serratus anterior |
| the arm is attached to the thorax by the | pectoralis major and latissumus dorsi muscles |
| flexes the arm | pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | latissimus dorsi |
| "swimmer muscles" | latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and the calvicle | deltoid |
| extends the forearm, occupies the posterior compartment | triceps brachii |
| flexes the forearm, occupies the anterior compartment | biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | brachioradialis |
| strong band of fibrous connective tissue that covers the flexor and extensor tendons | retinaculumn (bracelet) |
| flexes the wrist | flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | extensor digitorum |
| "tailors muscle"; flexes the thigh | sartorious |
| form the calf muscle | gastrocnemius and soleus |
| 20 muscles located in the foot | intrinsic foot |
| neurotransmitter | acetylcholine |
| muscle fiber | postsynaptic terminal |
| secretes the acetylcholine | synaptic vessels |
| the acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell | acetylcholinesterase |
| the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contractions | sliding filament mechanism |
| a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | muscle twitch |
| the point at which the muscle fiber will contract maximally | threshold |
| the phenomenon in which muscle fibers reach the threshold level | all-or-none response |
| tine between application of a stimulus and the beginning of a contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction | contraction phase |
| the time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase of motor neurons being activated | recruitment |
| high-energy module stored when at rest | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen (more efficient) | aerobic respiration |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | oxygen debt |
| results when ATP is used during muscle contraction, faster than is can be produced | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | slow-twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | origin |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| the portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion | belly |
| muscles the work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition of one another | antagonists |
| muscle that plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement | prime mover |
Created by:
lpwilli3
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