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BSC 105 Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force | Contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus | Excitability |
| the ability to be stretched | Extensibility |
| the ability to recoil to the original resting length after being stretched | Elasticity |
| the connective tissue sheath that surrounds each skeletal muscle | Epimysium |
| a connective tissue located outside the epimysium, surrounding and separating muscles | Fascia |
| visible bundles that a muscle is composed of | Fasciculi (fascicle) |
| loose connective tissues that surround the fascicle | Perimysium |
| muscle cells | Muscle fibers (fibers) |
| each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called | Endomysium |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fibers to the other | Myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments | Actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | Myosin myofilaments |
| I BAND | Actin |
| H ZONE | Myosin |
| A BAND | Myosin |
| basic structural and functional unit of the muscle | Sarcomeres |
| from one z-line to another z-line | Sarcomere |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | Motor neurons |
| branches that connects to the muscle | Synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | Motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal | Presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | Synaptic cleft |
| muscle cell membrane | Sarcolemma |
| breaks down acetylcholine | Acetylcholinesterase |
| causes sarcomeres to shorten | Actin and myosin myofilaments slide past one another |
| contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus | Muscle twitch |
| level at which the muscle fiber will contract maximally | Threshold |
| when the threshold is achieved | All-or-none response |
| time between application of a stimulus and beginning of contraction phase | Lag phase |
| time of contraction | Contraction phase |
| time when the muscle relaxes | Relaxation phase |
| where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | Tetany |
| increase in number of motor neurons | Recruitment |
| adenosine triphosphate | ATP |
| produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| without oxygen | Anaerobic respiration |
| with oxygen (more efficient) | Aerobic |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions | Oxygen debt |
| when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | Muscle fatigue |
| the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process | Isometric(equal distance) |
| the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | Isotonic(equal tension) |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods | Muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | Fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch fibers |
| most stationary end of the muscle | Origin |
| end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement | Insertion |
| portion between origin and insertion | Belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | Synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | Antagonists |
| chewing | Mastication |
| raises the eyebrows | Occipitofrontals |
| closes the eyelids | Orbicularis oculi |
| puckers the lips | Orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | Buccinator |
| smiling muscle | Zygomaticus |
| sneering | Levator labii superioris |
| frowning | Depressor anguli oris |
| lateral neck muscle | Sternocleidmastoid |
| group of muscles on each side of the back | Erector spinae |
| accomplishes quiet breathing | Diaphragm |
| tendinous area of the abdominal wall | Linea alba |
| rotates scapula | Trapezius |
| pulls scapula anteriorly | Serratus anterior |
| adducts and flexes the arm | Pectoralis major |
| medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm | Latissimus dorsi |
| attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle | Deltoid |
| extends the forearm | Triceps Brachii |
| flexes the forearm | Biceps brachii |
| flexes forearm | Brachialis |
| flexes and supinates the forearm | Brachioradialis |
| flexes the wrist | Flexor carpi |
| extends the wrist | Extensor carpi |
| flexes the fingers | Flexor digitorum |
| extends the fingers | Extensor digitorum |
| buttocks | Gluteus maximus |
| extends the leg | Quadriceps femoris |
| flexes the thigh | sartorius |
| posterior thigh muscles, flexes the leg and extends the thigh | Hamstring muscles |
| flexes and extends the toes | Intrinsic foot |
Created by:
nataliemccann
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