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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Fundamental of Body Structures and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Types of muscle include: | 1. Skeletal muscle aka striated muscle. |
| Types of muscle include: | 2. Smooth muscle aka visceral muscle. |
| Types of muscle include: | 3. Cardiac muscle aka heart muscle. |
| The physiology (function) of muscle is: | contraction and relaxation. |
| Muscle contraction means: | generating (creating) tension (force). |
| Muscle relaxation means: | releasing tension (force) (TEST) |
| Skeletal muscle is also known as | striated. |
| A microscopic view of skeletal (striated) muscle reveals (shows) | stripes called striations. |
| Skeletal muscles are connected to bones to provide movement called: | locomotion. |
| Skeletal muscle is also known as | striated. |
| A microscopic view of skeletal (striated) muscle reveals (shows) | stripes (striations) |
| Skeletal muscles are voluntary which means you have | control. |
| Skeletal muscle is also known as | striated. |
| Tough flexible non-elastic fibrous tissue that connects to skeletal (striated muscles to bones are called; | tendons. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles are voluntary which means you have | control. |
| Smooth Muscle: Smooth muscle is aka | visceral muscle |
| Smooth (visceral) muscle is autonomic aka | involuntary which means you have no control. |
| Smooth muscle is located in the: | 1. Walls of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract providing wave like contractions that push digesting food along called peristalsis or peristaltic activity. |
| Smooth (visceral) muscle is located in the; | 2. Myometrium for contractions during L+D which stands for labor and delivery. |
| Myometrium means | muscle layer of the uterus (womb). |
| Smooth (visceral) muscle is located in the arteries to: | 3. Increase and decrease the lumen (diameter) called vasodilation and vasoconstriction. |
| Smooth (visceral) muscle is located in the | 4. Walls of the urinary bladder providing contractions for the evacuation (expulsion) of urine called micturition (micturate) or urination (urinate). |
| Cardiac muscle Cardiac muscle is found in the | heart |
| Cardiac (heart) muscle is autonomic aka | involuntary which means you have no control. |
| Cardiac (heart) muscle has the unique ability to | contract, immediately relax and then contract again. |
| This allows the cardiac (heart) muscle cells to | function as a pump. |
| Muscle contraction Muscle contraction means | applying (putting) tension (force). |
| Constant (continuous) partial muscle contraction is called | muscle tone. |
| To prevent fatigue, muscle cells alternate with muscle contraction to maintain | posture. |
| Muscle contraction that shortens a muscle is called | isotonic |
| Muscle contraction means | generating (creating) tension (force). |
| Muscle contraction that does not shorten a muscle is called | isometric. |
| Muscle contraction means | generating (creating) tension (force). |
| The attachment site (location) of a muscle that does not move during contraction is called the | origin. |
| Attachment means | connection. |
| The attachment (connection) of a muscle that moves during contraction is called the: | insertion. |
| Muscle names (TEST) Muscles that move a limb toward the midline of the body are called; | adductors |
| Muscles that move a limb away from the midline are called TEST. | abductors. |
| Muscles that bend a limb at a joint are called (TEST) | flexors |
| A joint is where one bone meets another bone and (TEST) | articulates (moves) |
| Muscles that extend a limb at a joint are called (TEST) | extensors |
| Muscles that rotate a limb are called (TEST) | rotators. |
| Muscles with two (2) origins are called | biceps |
| Origin means | attachment site (location) of a muscle that does not move during contraction. |
| Muscles with three (3) origins are called | triceps |
| Muscles with four (4) origins are called | quadriceps |
| Large muscles are called | maximus |
| Small muscles are called | minimus |
| Long muscles are called | longus |
| Muscles that run at an angle are called | oblique |
| Muscles that run across are called | transversus |
| Muscles with a square or rectangular shape are called | quadratus |
| Muscles can be named according to their origin and insertion such as | sternocleidomastoid which refers to a sternum (origin) and clavicle (collar bone) and mastoid bone (insertion) |
| Muscles can be named according to their location such as | frontalis |
| Muscles can be named according to their location such as | tibialis. |
| Muscles can be named according to their location such as | radialis |
| Muscles can be named according to their function such as (TEST) | pronator teres and pronator quadratus. Pronation means turning a palm downwards. |
| Muscles can be named according to their function such as TEST | supinator. Supination means turning a palm upwards |
| Skeletal muscles | |
| Examples of skeletal muscles include the: | 1. Bicepses brachii which flex the inferior (lower) arms. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 2. Tricepses brachii which extend the inferior (lower) arms. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 3. Sternocleidomastoids which turn (rotate) the head and/or pull the head toward the sternum (breastbone). |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 4. Frontalis and occipitalis which raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead. |
| Botulism toxin (poison) administered (given) to paralyze frontalis muscles for the treatment (Tx) of forehead rhytides is called: | Botox. Rhytides are wrinkles. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 5. Zygomatici and buccinators which raise the corners of the superior (upper) oral labia (lip) and create a smile. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 6. Masseters and temporals which raise the inferior jaw (mandible) during mastication aka chewing. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 7. Levators scapulae and rhomboids and pectoralis minors and trapezius which move (shrug) the scapulae aka shoulder bones or shoulder blades. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 8. Pectoralis majors which flex and adduct the arms. |
| Adductors move a limb: | toward the midline of the body. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 9. Latissimus dorsi which extends and adducts and rotates the arms medially (swimming). |
| Extensors are muscles that: | extend a limb at a joint. |
| TEST TEST TEST Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | Deltoids which abduct the arms. |
| Deltoids are injection sites (locations) for: | intramuscular (IM) medications. |
| intramuscular (IM) medications. | 11. Flexors carpi which flex the wrists. |
| Flexors are muscles that: | bend a limb at the joint. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 12. Extensors carpi which extend the wrists. |
| intramuscular (IM) medications. | 13. Flexor digitora which flex the fingers and toes. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 14. Extensor digitora which extends the fingers and toes. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 15. Flexor polices which flex the thumb. |
| Flexor polices are commonly used for: | text messaging. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 16. Extensor polices which extend the thumbs. |
| Extensor polices are commonly used for | hitchhiking. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 17. Adductor pollices which adduct the thumbs |
| Adductors are muscles that: | move a limb toward the midline. |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | |
| Examples of skeletal (striated) muscles include the: | 19. Opponens pollices which flex and oppose the thumbs. |
| Opposition is: | thumb movement towards the palm. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscle that comprise (form) the abdominal wall include the: | 1. External oblique which twist the trunk. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscle that comprise (form) the abdominal wall include the: | 2. Internal oblique which twist the trunk. |
| Comprise means | form |
| Skeletal (striated) muscle that comprise (form) the abdominal wall include the: | 3. Transversus abdominises aka the "inner abs" which maintain abdominal muscle tone. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscle that comprise (form) the abdominal wall include the: | 4. Rectus abdominises aka "washboard abs" or "six pack abs" which move the body between the ribcage and pelvis. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles of ventilation (breathing) include the: | 1. Diaphragm. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles of ventilation (breathing) include the: | 2. Internal intercostals. |
| Intercostal muscles are located | between the ribs. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles of ventilation (breathing) include the: | 3. External intercostals. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that comprise (form) the buttocks include: | 1. Glutei maximi aka butt cheeks which move the legs posteriorly (backwards) |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that comprise (form) the buttocks include: | 2. Glutei minimi which abduct the legs. |
| Abductors are muscles that | move a limb away from the midline. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that comprise (form) the buttocks include: | 3. Glutei medii which abduct the legs. |
| TEST TEST TEST Glutei medii muscles are injection sites for | intramuscular (IM) injections |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that flex the knees include the: | 1. Poplitei |
| Arteries located in the posterior patellar (kneecap) regions are called: | popliteal |
| Skeletal muscles that flex the knees include: | 2. Graciles. |
| Skeletal muscles that flex the knees include: | 3. Sartorii |
| Flexors are muscles that | bend a limb at a joint. |
| Skeletal muscles that flex the knees include: | 4. Bicepses femoris |
| Skeletal muscles are voluntary which means | you have control. |
| Skeletal muscles that flex the knees include: | 5. Semitendinosi |
| Skeletal muscles that flex the knees include: | 6. Semimembranosi |
| Biceps femoris and semimembranosi are aka | hamstrings. |
| Biceps femoris and semitendimosi and semimembranosi | flex the knees |
| Skeletal muscles that extend the knees include: | 1. Recti femoris |
| TEST TEST TEST Skeletal muscles that extend the knees include: | 2. Vasti lateralis |
| Vasti lateralis are injection sites (locations) for | intramuscular (IM) injections. |
| Skeletal muscles that extend the knees include: | 3. Vasti medialis |
| Vastus (vasti) means: | anterior (front) thigh(s). |
| Skeletal muscles that extend the knees include the: | 4. Vasti intermedius. |
| Recti femoris and vasti lateralis and vasta medialis and vasti intermedius muscles are called the: | quadriceps femoris group. |
| Upward foot movement is called: | dorsiflexion. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that dorsiflex include the: | 1. Tibiales anterior |
| Dorsiflexion means | upward foot movement. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that dorsiflex include the: | 2. Peronei tertius |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that plantar flex include the: | 1. Gastrocnemii aka the calf muscles. |
| Plantar flexion means | downward movement. |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that plantar flex include the: | 2. Solei |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that plantar flex include the: | 3. Peronei longus |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that plantar flex include the: | 4. Plantares |
| Skeletal (striated) muscles that plantar flex include the: | 5. Tibiales posterior. |
| The number of skeletal (striated) muscles in humans is: | 650 |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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