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P Mylin Study Stack
Body Structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| abduction | movement away from median plane |
| adduction | movement toward median plane |
| medial | pertaining to midline |
| lateral | pertaining to side |
| superior (cephalad) | toward the head |
| inferior (caudal) | toward the tail, away from head |
| proximal | nearest to the center (trunk) or to point of attachment to the body |
| distal | further from the center (trunk) or to point of attachment to the body |
| anterior (ventral) | front of body |
| posterior (dorsal) | back of body |
| parietal | pertaining to the outer wall of the body |
| visceral | pertaining to the viscera, or internal organs, especially the abdominal organs |
| prone | lying face down on abdomen |
| supine | lying horizontally on back, face up |
| inversion | turning inward, or inside out |
| eversion | turning outward |
| palmar | pertaining to the palm of hand |
| plantar | pertaining to the sole of foot |
| superficial | toward the surface of the body (external) |
| deep | away from the surface of the body (internal) |
| cyt/o | cell |
| hist/o | tissue |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| nucle/o | nucleus |
| anter/o | anterior, front |
| caud/o | tail |
| crani/o | cranium, skull |
| dist/o | (distal) far, farthest |
| dors/o | back of body |
| infer/o | lower, below |
| later/o | side, to one side |
| medi/o | middle |
| poster/o | back (of body), behind, posterior |
| proxim/o | near, nearest |
| ventr/o | belly, belly side |
| abdomin/o | abdomen |
| cervic/o | neck |
| crani/o | cranium, skull |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| ili/o | ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip) |
| inguin/o | groin |
| lumb/o | loins (lower back) |
| pelv/i | pelvis |
| pelv/o | pelvis |
| spin/o | spine |
| thorac/o | chest |
| umbilic/o | umbilicus, NAVEL |
| albin/o | white |
| leuk/o | white |
| chlor/o | green |
| chrom/o | color |
| cirrh/o | yellow |
| jaund/o | yellow |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| cyan/o | blue |
| erythr/o | red |
| melan/o | black |
| poli/o | gray |
| acr/o | extremity |
| eti/o | cause |
| idi/o | unknown, peculiar |
| morph/o | form, shape, structure |
| path/o | disease |
| radi/o | radiation, X-ray |
| somat/o | body |
| son/o | sound |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| xer/o | dry |
| -genesis | forming, producing, origin |
| -gnosis | knowing |
| -gram | record, writing |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -logist | specialist in the study of |
| -logy | the study of |
| -meter | instrument to measure |
| -metry | act of measuring |
| -pathy | disease |
| ab- | away from |
| ad- | toward |
| hetero- | different |
| homeo- | same |
| infra- | below, under |
| peri- | around |
| super- | upper, above |
| trans- | through, across |
| ultra- | excess, beyond |
| stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| when homeostasis is disrupted | disease |
| presents a group of signs, symptoms, and clinical findings | pathological/morbid |
| visible indicators | signs |
| felt by patient (dizziness, nausea, pain) | symptoms |
| study of cause or origin of a disease or disorder | etiology |
| Types of diseases: metabolic | such as diabetes |
| infectious | such as measles and mumps |
| congenital | such as cleft lip |
| hereditary | such as hemophilia |
| environmental | such as burns and trauma |
| neoplastic | such as cancer |
| Establishing the cause and nature of a disease | Diagnosis |
| Prediction of the outcome of the course of a disease and its probable outcome | Prognosis |
| Any disease whose cause is unknown | Idiopathic |
| Abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated | adhesion |
| Substance analyzed or tested, generally by means of laboratory methods | analyte |
| Substance injected into the body, introduced by catheter, or swallowed to facilitate radiographic images of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to visualize on X-ray films | contrast medium |
| Bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound | dehiscence |
| Feverish, pertaining to a fever | febrile |
| Stable internal environment | homeostasis |
| Body defense against injury, infection, or allergy that is marked by redness, swelling, heat, pain and, sometimes, loss of function | inflammation |
| Diseases; pertaining to a disease | morbid |
| Branch of medicine concerned with the use of radioactive materials for diagnosis, treatment, and research | nuclear medicine |
| radiology | X-ray |
| Radiological practice that employs fluoroscopy, CT, and ultrasound in nonsurgical treatment of various disorders | interventional radiology |
| Use of ionizing radiation in the treatment of cancer; also called radiation oncology | therapeutic radiology |
| Substances that emit radiation spontaneously; also called tracers | radionuclides |
| Radionuclide attached to a protein, sugar, or other substance used to visualize an organ or area of the body that will be scanned | radiopharmaceutical |
| Term used to describe a computerized image by modality (such as CT, MRD, and nuclear imaging) or by structure (such as thryoid and bone) | scan |
| Pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the preence of microorganisims or their products in the bloodstream | sepsis |
| Producing or associated with generation of pus | suppurative |
| Visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope | endoscopy |
| Visual examination of the organs of the pelvis and abdomen through very small incisions in the abdominal wall | laparoscopy |
| Examination of the lungs, pleura, and pleural space with a scope inserted through a small incision between the ribs | thoracoscopy |
| Common blood test that enumerates RBCs, WBCs and platelets; measures hemoglobin; estimates red cell volume; and sorts WBCs into five subtypes with their percentages | complete blood count (CBC) |
| Common urine screening test that evaluates the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine | urinalysis (UA) |
| Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; formerly called computerized axial tomography | computed tomography (CT) |
| Ultrasound technique used to detect and measure blood-flow velocity and direction through the cardiac chambers, valves, and peripheral vessels by reflecting sound waves off moving blood cells | Doppler |
| Radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures | fluoroscopy |
| Noninvasive imaging technique that used radiowaves and a strong magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| Scanning technique using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical, that produces a cross-sectional image of metabolic activity in body tissues to determine the presence of disease | positron emission tomography (PET) |
| Imaging technique that uses x-rays passed through the body or area and captured on film; also called x-ray | radiography |
| Radiological technique that integrates computed tomography (CT) and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs | single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
| Imaging procedure using high-grequency sound waves that display the reflected "echoes" on a monitor; also called ultrasound | ultrasonography (US) |
| Representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis | biopsy (bx) |
| Removal of a small tissue sample for examination using a hollow needle, usually attached to a syringe | needle biopsy |
| Removal of a small core of tissue using a hollow instrument (punch) | punch biopsy |
| Removal of tissue using a surgical blade to shave elevated lesions | shave biopsy |
| Removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freeaing, or radio frequency | ablation |
| Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another | anastomosis |
| Destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals | cauterize |
| Scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette (curet) | curettage |
| Incision made to allow the free flow or withdrawal of fluids from a wound or cavity | Incision and Drainage (I&D) |
| Surgical technique employing a device that emits intense heat and power at close range to cut, burn, vaporize, or destroy tissues | laser surgery |
| Surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site in an atttempt to excise all tissue that may be malignant and decrease the chance of recurrence | radical dissection |
| Partial excision of a bone, organ, or other structure | resection |
| ant | anterior |
| AP | anteroposterior (front to back) |
| Bx, bx | biopsy |
| CBC | complete blood count |
| CT | computed tomography |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DSA | digital subtraction angiography |
| Dx | diagnosis |
| FS | frozen section |
| I&D | incision and drainage |
| LAT, lat | lateral |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| post | posterior |
| RF | rheumatoid factor; radio frequency |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| sono | sonogram |
| SPECT | single positron emission computed tomography |
| Sx | symptom |
| Tx | treatment |
| UA | urinalysis |
| U&L, U/L | upper and lower |
| US | ultrasound; ultrasonography |
Created by:
pmylin
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