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SKELETAL SYSTEM
Fundamentals of Body Structures and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Physiologies (functions) of the skeletal system include:- | 1. Support of muscles, skin, blood vessels, nerves and adipose (fat tissue). |
| Physiologies (functions) of the skeletal system include:- | 2. Protection (armor) for vital organs such as: a. brain b. Spinal cord c. Heart. d. Lungs |
| Physiologies (functions) of the skeletal system include:- | 3. Attachments for muscles called tendons. |
| Muscular contraction causes tendons to pull on bones causing locomotion which means: | movement |
| Physiologies (functions) of the skeletal system include:- | 4. Hematopoiesis (hemopoiesis) which means formation (creation) of blood cells. |
| Physiologies (functions) of the skeletal system include:- | 5. Storing fat and mineral salts such as Ca which stands for calcium and P which stands for phosphorus. |
| Bones whose length exceeds their width are called: | long bones |
| Located at the distal (end) portions of the long bones and at the center of all other bones is a meshwork of interconnecting sections called: | cancellous bone aka spongy bone. |
| The many spaces within cancellous bone are filled with: | red bone marrow aka myeloid tissue |
| Cancellous bone is aka: | spongy bones |
| Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) is found in larger quantities in the | 1. Cranium aka the skull. |
| Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) is found in larger quantities in the | 2. Bones that form a cage around the thoracic (chest) cavity called ribs. |
| Red bone marrow is found in larger quantities in the: | 3. Vertebrae aka the back bones or spinal column. |
| Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) is found in larger quantities in the | 4. Sternum is aka the breast bone. |
| Red bone marrow (myeloid tissue) is found in larger quantities in the | 5. Pelvis aka hip bones |
| Analysis (examination) of a myeloid tissue specimen to determine if the cells are malignant (dangerous) or benign (harmless) is abbreviated BMB which stands for: | bone marrow biopsy. |
| Specimen means: | sample. |
| A common site (location) to obtain a bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is the: | crest of an ilium aka an iliac crest. |
| Crest means: | top |
| Another type of bone marrow found in the medullary cavity of the shafts of the long bones is called: | yellow bone marrow. |
| Medullary means: | middle |
| Yellow bone marrow primarily consists of (contains) fat cells aka: | adipose tissue |
| The shaft of each long bone is called the: | diaphysis. |
| The distal portions (parts) of each long bone are called: | epiphyses |
| Distal means: | end. |
| Epiphyses are the distal portions (parts) of the long bones that: | grow vertically aka growth plates. |
| The pituitary (hypophysis) hormone that stimulates (causes) epiphyses is abbreviated GH which stands for: | growth hormone. |
| The pituitary (hypophysis) is controlled by the: | hypothalamus.. |
| A fibrovascular membrane surrounding (covering) each bone is called the: | periosteum |
| When one bone meets another bone and articulates, it is called a: | synovial joint |
| Synovial membranes are: | joint linings. |
| Articulates means: | moves. |
| Tissue located between articulating bones is called: | articular cartilage. |
| Articular cartilage is aka a: | meniscus |
| Cartilage is pliable which means: | flexible. |
| Cartilage prevents friction between: | articulating (moving) bones |
| Friction means: | rubbing. |
| Cartilage is pliable which means: | flexible. |
| Since cartilage is pliable (flexible), it also functions as a: | shock absorber. |
| Tissue binding (holding) articulating (moving) bones together are called: | ligaments. |
| Ligaments allow only a specific (particular) ROM which stands for: | range of movement (motion). |
| Tough flexible non-elastic fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones are called: | tendons. |
| Formation of bone is called: | ossification |
| Bone cells are called: | osteocytes. |
| Osteocytes that build bones are called: | osteoblasts |
| Osteocytes are: | bone cells. |
| Osteocytes (bone cells) that remove (reabsorb) bone are called: | osteoclasts. |
| To build bone, osteoblasts require weight (WT) bearing which involves: | movement aka locomotion. |
| To remove (reabsorb) bone, osteoclasts require: | nothing. |
| Bones whose length exceeds their width are called: | long bones. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 1. Two clavicles aka collar bones. |
| Long bones are those whose: | length exceeds their width. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 2. Two (2) humeri aka superior (upper arm bones). |
| Examples of long bones include: | 3. Two (2) radii aka lateral (side) bones of the inferior (lower ) arms. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 4. Two (2) ulnae aka medical (middle) bones of the inferior (lower) arms. |
| The proximal portion (part) of each ulna is called the: | olecranon aka the elbow. |
| Proximal means: | beginning. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 5. Two (2) femurs aka superior (upper) leg bones or thigh bones. |
| Long bones ae those: | whose length exceeds their width. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 6. Two (2) tibiae aka anterior (front) bones of the inferior (lower) legs or shin bones. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 7. Two (2) fibulae aka posterior (back) bones of the inferior (lower) legs or little fibs. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 8. Ten (10) metacarpals aka hand bones. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 9. Ten (10) metatarsals aka foot bones. |
| Examples of long bones include: | 10. Twenty (20) phalanges aka fingers or toes or digits. |
| One (1) finger or one (1) toe or one (1) digit is called a: | phalanx. |
| Bones without a diaphysis are called: | short bones. |
| Diaphysis means: | shaft. |
| Examples of short bones include: | 1. Sixteen (16) carpals aka wrist bones. |
| Short bones do not have a: | diaphysis (shaft) |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | a. Pisiforms |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | b. Triquetra |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | c. Lunates |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | d. Scaphoids |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | e. Hamates |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | f. Capitates |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | g. Trapezoids |
| Carpals (wrist bones) include: | h. Trapezia |
| Examples of short bones include: | 2. Fourteen (14) tarsals aka ankle bones. |
| Tarsals are arranged in the: | hindfoot and forefoot. |
| Tarsals are: | ankle bones. |
| Each hindfoot consists of (contains): | a. Calcaneus aka heel bone. |
| Each hindfoot consists of (contains): | b. Talus |
| Each hindfoot consists of (contains): | c. Navicular |
| Each hindfoot consists of (contains): | d. Cuboid |
| Each forefoot consists of (contains) a: | a. Medial cuneiform aka the first (1st) cuneiform |
| Each forefoot consists of (contains) a: | b. Intermediate cuneiform aka the second (2nd) cuneiform. |
| Each forefoot consists of (contains) a: | c. Lateral cuneiform aka the third (3rd) cuneiform. |
| Thin bones located where there is extensive muscle attachment or to protect fragile or vital tissues are called: | flat bones. |
| Extensive means: | large amount |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 1. Bones of the cranium aka the skull. |
| Flat bones are located where there is: | Extensive muscle attachment or to protect fragile or vital tissues. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | a. Two (2) parietal bones aka the cranial (skull) roof. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | b. One (1) frontal bone aka the forehead. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | c. Two (2) temporal bones aka the temples. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | d. One (1) occipital bone located at the posterior base of the cranium (skull) |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | e. Two (2) zygomatic bones aka cheek bones. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | f. One (1) maxilla aka the superior (upper) jaw. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | g. One (1) mandible aka the inferior (lower) jaw. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | h. One (1) nasal bone aka the bridge of the nose. |
| Bones of the cranium (skull) include: | I. Two (2) cranial (skull) cavities containing the eyes are called orbits aka eye sockets. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 2. One (1) sternum aka the breast bone. |
| Bones of the sternum include: | a. The superior (upper) section called the manubrium aka the handle. |
| Bones of the sternum include: | b. The medial (middle) section called the gladiolus aka the blade. |
| Bones of the sternum include: | c. The inferior (lower) section called the xiphoid process aka the tip. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 3. Twelve (12) pairs of ribs. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | a. Ribs 1-7 are called true ribs aka vertebrosternal ribs. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | b. Ribs 8-10 are called false ribs aka vertebrochondal ribs. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | c. Ribs 11+12 are called floating ribs aka vertebral ribs. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 4. Two (2) scapulae aka shoulder bones or shoulder blades. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | a. The lateral (side) and most superior (top) part of each scapula is called the acromion process. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | b. Muscles that move each arm are attached to each scapula (shoulder bone) at the coracoid process. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | c. The head of each humerus articulates with a scapula (shoulder bone) at the glenoid fossa. |
| Humeri are the: | superior (upper) arm bones. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 5. Pelvic bones aka pelvis or hip. |
| Pelvic bones include: | a. Ilia (ilium) singular |
| Pelvic bones include: | b. Ischia (Ischium) singular |
| Pelvic bones include: | c. Pubes (Pubis) singular. |
| Examples of flat bones include: | 6. Two (2) patellae aka kneecaps |
| The spinal column refers to the: | pillar of back bones aka vertebrae. |
| The spinal column (vertebrae): | provide protection (armor) for the spinal cord. |
| The superior section of the spinal column consists of (contains): | seven (7) cervical vertebrae named C1 through C7. |
| The medical section of the spinal column consists of (contains): | twelve (12) thoracic vertebrae named T1 through T12. |
| The inferior section of the spinal column consists of | five (5) lumbar vertebrae named L1 through L5. |
| What times do many people eat breakfast, lunch and dinner: | 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-L5) |
| Cartilage located between articulating vertebrae are called: | intervertebral disks (discs) |
| Articulating means: | moving |
| Vertebrae are: | backbones aka spinal column. |
| The posterior section of the pelvis and inferior section of the vertebrae (spinal column) is called the: | sacrum. |
| The distal (end) portion of the sacrum is called the: | coccyx aka the tailbone. |
| The sacrum is the: | posterior (back) section of the pelvis and the inferior (lower) section of the vertebrae (spinal column). |
| Each vertebra consists of (contains) a: | thick disk-shaped anterior section called the vertebral body. |
| Each vertebra consists of (contains) a passageway for the spinal cord called: | the vertebral (neural) foramen. |
| Each vertebra consists of (contains) a posterior (back) projection called the: | spinous process. |
| Projections (processes) are aka: | prominences. |
| Each vertebra consists of (contains) two (2) lateral (side) projections called: | transverse processes. |
| Projections (processes) are aka: | prominences |
| Each vertebra consists of a vertebral arch called a: | lamina |
| Surgical removal (excision) of a lamina is called a: | laminectomy. |
| A lamina is a: | vertebral arch. |
| The sections of each vertebra connecting a vertebral body to a vertebral arch (lamina) and are notched to allow passageway for spinal nerves are called: | pedicles. |
| A vertebral body is a: | thick disk-shaped anterior (front) section of a vertebra (back bone) |
| Bone surfaces exhibit projections called: | prominences or processes. |
| Exhibit means: | display. |
| Bone surfaces exhibit depressions called: | fossae |
| Fossae (depressions) are: | indentations |
| Any sharp slender projection is called a: | spine |
| A large projection (prominence) for the attachment of tendons and ligaments is called a: | tuberosity. |
| Tendons are tough flexible non-elastic fibrous tissue that connect: | muscles to bones |
| A knuckle-like projection is called a: | condyl |
| Projections are aka: | prominences or processes. |
| A small round projection is called a: | tubercle |
| A very large projection (prominence) is called a: | trochanter. |
| A narrow ridge is called a: | crest |
| A terminal enlargement is called a: | bone head. |
| A bone head is adjacent (next) to the: | neck. |
| Fossae are: | depressions or indentations. |
| A narrow junction between two (2) bones is called a | suture |
| An opening through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass is called a: | foramen |
| Ligaments bind articulating (moving) bones together and allow a specific (particular) ROM which stands for: | range of movement. |
| A long tube-like passage through a bone is called a: | canal |
| A cavity within a bone is called a: | sinus or antrum |
| A furrow or groove in a bone is called a: | sulcus |
| The number of bones in the human body is: | 206. |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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