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A&P lll
Blood
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is blood composed of? | Plasma |
| Nutrients and oxyen diffuse from blood into where? | Intestinal fluid |
| In what direction does cell waste move | Reverse |
| Extracellular fluid is made up of | Plasma |
| Where does hematoposesis take place | Red bone marrow |
| What are the three functions of blood | Regulation, protection, transport |
| Transportation is? | Exchange in material between Respiratiory and atmosphere Digestive and body tissue Excretory organs and blood Blood and cell Intestial fluid and cell |
| What is part of the regulation of hemeostasis | Ph Osmosis Body T0 |
| What is the purpose of blood | Protects against foreign bodies and disease And forms clots to prevent bleeding out |
| Ph of blood | 7.35-7.45 (slightly alkaline) |
| Thromboyctes | Platelets |
| Leukocyte | White blood cell |
| Erythrocytes | Red blood cell |
| Albumin | Regulates osmotic pressure of the blood Keeps water in the blood |
| Plasma protein is mostly made up of | Albumin |
| Antibodies | Protects the body from pathogens |
| What does serum have in it | Blood plasma ( without clotting factors) Antibodies Protein Water Inclusions |
| Granular leukocytes | Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils |
| Agranular leukocyts | Lymphocytes Monocytes Platelets |
| Hematocrit | Percentage of blood occupied by cells |
| What is a females normal hematocrit range | 38-46% (42%) average |
| What is a males normal hematocrit range? | 40-54% (46%) average |
| Anemia | When the body doesnt have enough red blood cells / hemoglobin |
| Polycythemia | To many rbc |
| What is blood doping | Athletes inject themselves with stored rbcs before athleteic events makes blood have more oxygen But higher viscosity and heart works harder so its dangerous |
| Hemopoiesis | Blood cell formation |
| Where does hemopoisesis occur in the embryo | Yolk sac, liver, spleen, thymus, lymphnodes |
| In adults were does hemopiesis occur | Red marrow of flat bones (Sternum, ribs, skull, pelvis and end of long bones) |
| Erythropoietin | Is produced by the kidneys increases rbc |
| Thrombopoieten | Hormone from liver stimulates platelet production |
| Cytokines | Local hormones of bone marrow Wbc production |
| What two factors does cytokines have | Colony stimulating factor and interleukin stimulate |
| RBC wear out in how many days | 120 |
| 99% of formed cells | RBC |
| What do RBC do | Transport oxygen |
| These cells have no nucleus | RBC |
| Hemoglobin | Iron containing protein responsible for binding to 02 |
| What gives blood its red color | Hemaglobin |
| What does hemoglobin have | 4 hemes 4 globin |
| Heme | Iron containing group transports oxygen to the blood |
| How many oxygen does each hemoglobin carry from lungs to tissue | 4 |
| Hemoglobin also transporrts ________ waste from tissue cells to lungs for release | Co2 |
| What does hemoglobin transport that regulates blood pressure | Nitric oxide |
| Tissue hypoxia | When cells dont get enough 02 anemia |
| What do the kidneys do to respond to hypoxia | Release erythropoietin and speed up development |
| What is the normal Reticulocyte count | 0.5-1.5% |
| What can low reticuloycte count indicate in an anemic person | Bone marrow problems, leukemia, |
| High reticulocyte count indicates | recent blood loss |
| What are the critical nutrients needed for normal production of RBCVs | Iron, Folate, Vitamin b12 |
| CBC ( complete blood count) | measures the amount or levels of many blood constituents |
| WBC or Leukocyts account for how much of blood | 1% |
| What do leukocytes do | decent against bacteria viruses (CHEMOTAXIS) |
| diapedesis | ability to slip in or out of blood vessels to fight infection |
| the only complete cells with a nucleus are | WBC |
| lympocytes | immunity |
| excessive wbc | infection or lukemia |
| reduces wbc | hiv |
| leukocytosis | high white blood cell count |
| leukopenia | low wbc count |
| antigen | substance that, when introduced into the body causes formation of antibodies against it |
| antibody | substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen |
| active immunity | protects body against future infection because of antibodies the body develops after an infection or from a vaccine |
| passive immunity | conveyed naturally through the placenta to a fetus. conveyed artificially through injection of a serum containing antibodies |
| Neutrophil | Fastest response of all WBC to bacteria Direct actions against bacteria |
| Monocyte | Take longer to get to site of infection, but arrive in larger numbers Become wandering macrophages, once they leave the capillaries Destroy microbes and clean up dead tissue following an infection |
| Basophil | Involved in inflammatory and allergy reactions Leave capillaries & enter connective tissue as mast cells |
| Eosinophil | Leave capillaries to enter tissue fluid Release histaminase Attack parasitic worms |
| B cells | destroy bacteria and toxins they become plasma cells that produce antibodies |
| T cells | attack virus |
| Natural killer cells | attack many different microbes some tumor cells and destroy foreign incaters |
| Thromboyctes are fragments of what cell | megakaryoctes |
| Normal platelet count | 150,000-400,000 |
| how do platelets form in bone marrow | myeloid stem cells become megakaryocyte-colony forming cells to megakaryoblast to megakaryocytes whose cell fragments form platelets |
| What is a platelets life span | 5-9 days |
| Platelet plug formation | platelet adhesion, platelet release reaction, platelet aggregation |
| Platelet adhesion | platelets stick to exposed collaged |
| platelet release reaction | extend projections and make contact with each other and release chemicals that help decrease blood flow through site of injury |
| platelet aggregation | platelets stick together and activate new platelets to form a mass called a platelet plug |
| coagulation | the process of clotting |
| thrombosis | formation of a clot in a broken or unbroken vessel |
| 3 stages of clotting | prothrombin activator conversion of prothrombin into thrombin conversion of soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin by thrombin |
| Fibrinolytic system | Dissolves small inappropriate clots and clots at a site if a completed repair |
| Thrombosis | Clot forming in an unbroken blood vessel |
| Embolus | Clot or air bubble or fat from broken bone in the blood |
| Anticoagulant | Suppress or prevent blood clotting (heprin) |
| Hemophilia | Clotting disorder due to a deficiency in clottin factors (Bumps and falls cause bleeding) |
| Blood type O | Universal doner |
| Blood type AB | Universal recipient |
| Hemolytic disease new borns | Mother produces anti -Rh. Antibiodies these antibodies cross the placenta and cause aggluation and hemolysis of fetuses RBCs - mom + fetus = mixing blood at birth could be okay first pregnancy but will cause problems for child in second |
| Acidosis | Condition that occurs when the PH of the blood becomes less alkaline then normal |
| Alkalosis | Condition that occurs wen the PH of the blood becomes basic |
| Sickle cell | Cresent shaped cells that cause blockages |
| What do most blood disease result from | Failure connective tissue to form blood cells properly |
Created by:
knt5411
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