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A&P lll
Endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| exocrine | Glands that secrete their products into ducks that empty onto a surface or onto a cavity |
| endocrine | duckless glands secrete chemicals known as hormones into intracellular spaces they diffuse directly into the blood and are carried throughout the body |
| nonsteroid hormone | whole proteins shorter chains of amino acid or simple version |
| steroid hormone | Pass intact directly through the cell membrane of the target cell |
| Steroids that typically work according to second messenger mechanism | non steroid |
| What are the two major classes of hormone | Steroid and nonsteroid |
| What is the cell that is acted on by a particular hormone and then responds to it | Target cell |
| Is steroid hormone response slower or faster compared to the response triggered by nonsteroidIs steroid hormone | slower |
| Production of too much hormone by a diseased gland is referred to as what | hypersecretion |
| Too little hormone producedthe condition is called what | hyposecertion |
| Hyper secretion of growth hormone during early years of life production is called | gigantism |
| If the anterior pituitary gland secrete too much growth foreman after normal growth years the disease is called what | acromegaly |
| What are the surfaces of the pituitary gland | Anterior and posterior |
| What are the anterior and posterior names of the pituitary gland | Anterior is the adenohypothesis The posterior is the neurohypophysis |
| How many hormones do the adenohypothesis neurohyphsis secret | Adenohypophythesis 6 neurohypophythesis 2 |
| Where is the pituitary gland located | deep in the cranial cavity in a seat called the sella turcica, form by two bony projections at the top of the sphenoid bone |
| what are the hormones of the anterior pituitary glands | TSH ACTH FSH LH GH GMPRL |
| what are the hormones of the posterior pituitary gland | ADH- antidiuretic hormone regulator of fluid OT oxytocin - stimulation for birth |
| what does the thyroid gland produce | T3 T4 energy for metabolism |
| non steroid hormones have receptors INSIDE or OUTSIDE the cell membrane | INSIDE |
| insulin is produces by which cell | beta cell |
| where is insulin produced | in the pancreas |
| insulin opposes what hormone | glucagon |
| although released from the posterior pituitary gland , where does actual production of OT oxytocin occur | in the hypothalamus |
| what makes a hormone a tropic hormone | a tropic hormone stimulates a endocrine gland to grow and secret its hormone |
| where is the location of the thyroid gland located | in the neck just below the larynx |
| Why is the thyroid gland different | It stores considerable amount of thyroid hormone in the form of molecules suspended in fluid |
| describe and the parathyroid and its location | small lumps of glandular epithelium there are usually 4 found in the posterior surface of the thyroid |
| What is a goiter and how does it develop | Low dietary intake of iodine |
| what does the parathyroid secret | PTH increase concentration of calcium in the blood |
| where is the adrenal gland located | curves over the superior surface of the kindney |
| how many adrenal glands are there and name them | 2 adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla |
| which adrenal gland is the outer and which is the inner | cortex is the outer medulla inner |
| when extreme stimuli act on the body, what is the internal state called | stress |
| what does the adrenal medulla respond to | stress |
| how many layers for the adrenal cortex | 3 |
| what does each layer respond to | outer layer zone)-minerlaocorticoids ( mineral) middle (zone)layer - glucocorticoids glucose inner layer zone)- sex hormones |
| what is our bodies response to stress | fight or flight |
| what are 2 primary hormones of pancreatic islets | glucagon insulin |
| what are the most important cells in the pancreas islets | Alph -A cell beta - B cell |
| what does the Alph cell secrete | glucagon |
| what does the beta cell secrete | insulin |
| glucagon_____ blood glucose concentration | increases |
| insulin___blood glucose concentration | decreases |
| if the pancreas islets secrete to little insulin or no insulin you would have which diabetes | type 1 diabetes mellitus |
| what does type 2 diabetes result from | abnormality of the insulin receptors or signaling |
| what is glycosuria | excess glucose filters out of the body by the kidneys and lost in urine production |
| which gland is called the time keeper and why | pineal glad b/c it produces melatonin |
| where is the thymus located | in the mediastinum |
| what is a function of the thymus | immunity |
| is the placenta a endocrine gland and why | yes, temporary bc it secrets hormones |
| where is the pineal gland located | brain |
| Secondary lymphatic organs & tissues site is where | most immune responses occur |
| thymus is where pre-T cells from what | red marrow mature |
| Fluid & proteins escaping from vascular capillaries | is collected by lymphatic capillaries & eventually returned to the blood flow |
Created by:
knt5411
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