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A&P lll
Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many chambers does the human heart have ? | 4 |
| where is the base and apex located | base: superior apex: pointing inferior and to to the left |
| where is the heart located | thoracic cavity in the mediastinum |
| apex | made by the tip of the left ventricle |
| base | posterior surface |
| where does the inferior surface rest | on the diaphragm |
| where is inferior surface located | b/t apex and right boarder (right ventricle ) |
| left boarder | (pulmonary boarder) faces left lung |
| what are the 4 chambers of the heart | 2- upper- right atrium & left atrium 2-lower -right ventricle & left ventricle |
| what is the coronary sulk | boundaries b/t 2 chambers of the heart |
| where is the heart positioned in the thoracic cavity | starts at the2nd rib middle is at the sternum botton rest on the diaphragm |
| how many layers of the heart wall are there and name them | 3 layers outer-epicardium middle myocardium innermost - endocardium |
| what is the pericardium | covering around heart |
| which is larger and thicker, ventricles or atria? | ventricles |
| where does the right atrium receive blood from | superior vena cava, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus |
| what forms most of the base of the heart | left atrium |
| where does left atrium receive blood from | lungs |
| what covers the heart and how many layers | pericardium and it has 2 layers |
| what are the layers of the heart | pericardium visceral pericardium layer or (epicardium) inner layer tight parietal pericardium layer outer layer loose |
| endocardium | lines heart chambers |
| epicardium | covers the surface of the heart |
| what is systole | contraction of the heart |
| what is diastole | relaxation of the heart |
| what is the heart beat | when it contracts |
| what do the valves of the heart do | seperate artrial chambers above from ventricles below |
| what are the valves called | AV valves- antrioventricular valves |
| what is the left AV valve know as | bicuspid valve or mitral |
| where is the left AV or bicuspid valve located | b/t left atrium and ventricle |
| what is the right AV valve know as | tricuspid valve |
| where is the right AV or tricuspid valve located | b/t the right atrium and ventricle |
| where is the semilunar valve (SL valve) located | b/t each ventricular chamber |
| where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located | At the beginning of the pulmonary artery |
| The aortic semi lunar valve is located where | At the beginning of the aorta |
| What does the aortic semi lunar valve allow | allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta and prevents the back into the ventricles |
| What does the pulmonary semi lunar valves allow for | Allows blood going to the Lungs to flow out of the right ventricle going to the Lungs to flow out of the right ventricle |
| what is the first Lub sound of the heart | vibration and closure of the AV valve |
| what does closure of the AV valve prevent | prevents blood from rushing back up into the atria during contraction |
| Where does blood enter the right atrium from | From two large veins calledFrom two large veins called superior vena cava and in inferior vena cava |
| What does the right heart pump receive | Oxygen poor blood from the veins |
| After entering the right atrium where does the blood flow | It flows through the right A/V or tricuspid valveI and enters the right ventricle |
| What happens when blood reaches the lungs | Oxygen is added and carbon dioxide is lost |
| What is pulmonary circulation | Flow of blood from the right atrium to the lung and back to the left atrium |
| What is systemic circulation | The Flow of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body and back to the right atrium |
| what is coronary circulation | Delivery of oxygen and removal of waste products from the myocardium heart muscle |
| how does blood flow into the heart | by 2 small vessels right and left coronary arteries |
| what is atherosclerosis | a type of hardening of the arteries |
| what are the 2 major circulation of the body | |
| where do the cardiac veins empty into | Coronary sinus |
| Where do the coronary sinus empty into | Right atrium |
| How long does each cardiac cycle take for average person | .8 second |
| What is a complete heartbeat called | Cardiac cycle |
| what is the Sinoatrial node,( SA node) called | pacemaker |
| what is dysrhythmia | abnormality of heart rhythm |
| what is sinus dysrhythmia | irregularities in heart beat during breaking cycle |
| fibrillation | cardiac muscles contract out of step |
| what happen when the P wave occur | as the AV node and atrial walls depolarize |
| what is dedpolarization | Electrical activity that triggers contraction of the heart muscle |
| What are the three characteristics of an ECG | P wave QRS complex T-wave |
| what is ECG , EKG or electrocardiograph | The graphic record of the hearts electrical activity |
| when does repolarization | Begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity |
| depolarization is ______ | contract |
| Repolarization is ______ | is just before relax |
| what does the QRS complex result from | as a result of the depolarization of the ventricles |
| what does the t wave result from | electoral activity generated by the depolarization of the ventricles |
| What vessels carry Deoxygenated blood | Pulmonary artery |
| Blood returning from the Lungs enters which hard chamber | Left atrium |
| The right atrium receives venous blood from which the resources | Cardiac sinus superior vena cava and inferior vena cava |
| What is the correct passage of blood through the heart | right atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary valve pulmonary artery pulmonary vein left atrium mitral valve left ventricle aortic valve aorta |
| what is cardiac output ( CO) | The volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute shows the distrubiton of the hearts output to some of the major organs |
| What is the cardiac output determined by | Heart rate HR and stroke volume SV |
| What does heart rate referred to | The number of heartbeats( cardiac cycles) per minute |
| What does stroke volume refer to | The volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each heartbeat |
| What is the average cardiac output | 5L |
| what is the formula for cardiac output | ( beat ) (volume) (volume) HR _____ X SV. ________. = CO________ ( min ) (beat) (min) |
| where does hematopoiesis happen | in the epiphysis ( end oft long bones) |
| what is the inner most layer of the heart | endocardium |
| what is venous return | the volume of blood returned to the heart by the veins |
| what is heart failure | inability of the heart to pump enough blood to sustain life |
| what is cardiomyopathy | disease of myocardial tissue |
| faliure of the right side of the heart accounts for how much of all heart failures | 1/4 of ll cases |
| since the ventricles are thicker and larger thatn the atria they are sometimes called _____ chambers | discharging ( larger and thicker like a hose expelling water) |
| since the atria are smaller than the ventricles they are often called _____chambers | receiving |
| Ventricles of the heart are separated into right and left sides by a wall called what | interventricular septum |
| The thin layer of tissues lining the interior of each of the heart chambers is called the | endocardium |
| When the heart is contracting it is said to be in what | systole |
| A number of string like structures is called___________ attached to the AV valves of the walls of the ventricles | chord tendineae |
| The heart valve located between the right atrium and the right ventricle is called what | tricuspid |
| What term refers to the volume of blood ejected from the ventricle during each heartbeat | stroke volume SV |
| The amount of blood that one ventricle can pump in one minute is called _________ _______________ | cardiac output CO |
| Blood returns from the lungs to the left ventricle through ____________ pulmonary veins (how many) | 4 |
| The first branches of the aorta are the | coronary arteries |
| Place the following structures in order in relationship to blood flow through the heart | Left atrium tricuspid valve right ventricle pulmonary vein aortic semilunar valve mitral valve Left ventricle pulmonary artery right atrium pulmonary semilunar valve |
| where is the pulmonary valve located | b/t right venterical and pulmonary artery |
| where is mitral valve located | left atrium and left ventricle |
| The heart pumps ____ blood into the _____ via the _________ arteries | oxgen depleted lungs pulmonary |
| ____are thicker chambers of the heart and sometimes called discharging chambers | ventricles |
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knt5411
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