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Med Term Mod14
Disorders of Lymphatic & Immune Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AIDS | syndrome associated with suppression of immune system & marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms & neurological problems |
| HIV causes | AIDS |
| HIV destroys | helper T cells |
| destruction of helper T cells | disrupts cell-mediated immune response, allowing infections to occur |
| opportunistic infections | immunosupressed patients have a lowered resistance which allows infection by bacteria & parasites that are usually contained by normal defenses |
| HIV can cause | opportunistic infections |
| Kaposi sarcoma | cancer arising from lining cells of capillaries producing bluish=red skin nodules |
| lymphoma | cancer of lym nodes |
| Wasting syndrome | marked b y weight loss & decreased muscular strength, appetite & mental activity |
| might occur with AIDS | Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma & Wasting syndrome |
| HIV-positive | patients who were exposed to HIV & now have antibodies in their bloodstream |
| HIV has been known to remain ____ for up to 10 yrs | asymptomatic |
| drugs used to treat AIDS inhibit the viral enzyme | reverse transriptase (RT) |
| after invading helper Tcells HIV releases | RT |
| examples of RTIs | zidovudine & lampivudine |
| HIV needs ____ to make viral proteins, essential to structure & reproduction | protease |
| there is a 2nd class of anti-HIV drugs which are inhibitors of | viral protease (proteolytic) enzyme |
| examples of protease inhibitors are | nelfinavir & amprenavir |
| combination of RT and protease inhibitors | HAART |
| allergy | abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen |
| anaphylaxis | extraordinary hypersensitivity reaction occurs throughout the body |
| this can be life threatening but if treatment given immediately and airway kept open patient's usually survive | anaphylaxis |
| atopic dermatitis | hypersensitivity, or allergic state arising from an inherited predisposition, of the skin to soaps, cosmestics or chemicals |
| atopy | intense allergic reastion influenced by hereditary tendancy or predisposition |
| atopic | realted to atopy |
| someone who is atopic is | prone to allergies |
| lymphoma | malignant tumor of lymph nodes & lymph tissue |
| types of lymphoma vary according to | particular cell type & degree of differentiation |
| Hodgkin disease | malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen & lymph nodes |
| characterized by lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, fever, weakness & loss of weight & appetite | Hodgkin disease |
| diagnosis of hodgkin disease is often made by indenifying the | malignant cell (Reed-Sternberg cell) |
| Reed-Sternberg cell | are different giant cells found on light microscopy in biopsies from individuals with Hodgkin's lymphoma & certain other disorders;usually derived from B lymphocytes |
| if Hodgkin disease is localized treatment may include | radiotherapy or chemotherapy |
| if Hodgkin disease is widespread | chemotherapy is given alone |
| types of non-Hodgkin lymphoma include | follicular lymphoma & large cell lymphoma |
| follicular lymphoma | composed of collections of small lymphocytes in a follicle/nodule arrangement |
| large cell lymphoma | composed of large lymphocytes that infiltrate nodes & tissues diffusely |
| chemotherapy may cure/stop this disease | non-Hodgkin lymphoma |
| multiple myeloma | malignant tumor of bone marrow cells |
| tumor composed of antibody-producing B lymphocytes associated with high levels of one of the specific immunogolbulins | multiple myeloma |
| usually high levels of ___ are found in multiple myelome | IgG |
| Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | malignant tumor of B cells, which produce large quantities of IgM |
| increased IgM concentration impairs passage of blood through capillaries in brain & eyes, causing | hyperviscosity syndrome |
| hyperviscosity syndrome | thickening of the blood |
| thymoma | malignant tumor of thymus gland |
| signs & symptoms of thmoma are | cough, dyspnea, dysphagia, fever, chest pain, weight loss & anorexia |
| the tumor, in thmoma, if often associated with disorders of | the immune system that cause muscular weakness or anemia |
| thymoma treatments include | surgery to remove tumor is principal, postop radiation therapy is used for patients with evidence that tumor has spread |
| pneumonitis | inflammation of the lung |
| emergency treatments for anaphylaxis | epinephrine and antihistamines |
| allergic rhinitis | hay fever, |
| inflammation of the nasal passages; a watery nasal discharge; sneezing; and itching around the eyes, nose, throat, and mout | symptoms of allergic rhinitis |
| allergic rhinitis is the | most common type of immune system hypersensitivity and may occur year-round or seasonally |
| examples of atopic conditions are | asthma, uticaria, & atopic dermatitis |
| uticaria | hives |
| examples of immediate hypersensitivity reactions that result from altered humoral immunity | anaphylaxis, allergic rhinitis & atopic disorders |
| tranfusion reaction | potentially fatal response that occurs when a recipient receives incompatible blood |
| other types of hypersensitivity reactions, such as hives, are delayed responses caused by | alterations in cell-mediated immunity |
| Deficiencies of the immune system may be | congenital or acquired |
| when th body rejects a transplanted organ | example of isoimmunity |
| isoimmunity | normal undesirable immunity |
| HIV reversing the normal process | copies itself by using RNA to synthesize a DNA molecule |
| HIV destroys | cell mediated immunity |
| HIV enters the cytoplasm, where it uncoats & uses its enzyme ______ to make viral DNA from its RNA | reverse transcriptase |
| HIV viral DMA inserts itself into the host chromosome using the ciral enzyme ___ | integrase |
| the enzyme ___ helps to spread the AIDS virus throughout the body | protease |
Created by:
lfrancois
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