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Chapter 5
Organ Systems
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Organ | a structure made up of two or more kinds of tissues organized in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function that can any tissue alone. |
| Organ System | a group of organs arranged in such a way that they can together perform a more complex function than can any organ alone. |
| Integumentary System | Protection – primary function; Regulation of body temperature; Synthesis of chemicals [Vitamin D]; Sense organ |
| Skeletal System | Supporting framework for entire body; Protection of brain and internal organs; Movement [with joints and muscles]; Storage of minerals {calcium, magnesium, phosphorus}; Formation of blood cells {bone marrow makes the blood} |
| Muscular System | Movement; Maintenance of body posture; Production of heat |
| Nervous system | Communication between body organs; Integration of body functions; Control of body functions; Recognition of sensory stimuli |
| Endocrine system | Secretion of special substances called hormones directly into the blood; Same as nervous system – communication, integration, control |
| Cardiovascular (Circulatory) system | Transportation of substances throughout the body [nutrients, oxygen, hormones & wastes]; Regulation of body temperature; Immunity [body defense] |
| Immune systems | Phagocytosis of bacteria; Chemical reactions that provide protection from harmful agents |
| Respiratory system | Exchange of waste gas (carbon dioxide) for oxygen in the alveoli of the lungs; Filtration of irritants from inspired air; Regulation of acid-base balance |
| Digestive system | Mechanical and chemical breakdown [digestion] of food; Absorption of nutrients; Elimination of undigested waste product – referred to as feces; Appendix holds bacteria that assist digestion |
| Urinary system | “Clearing,” or cleaning, blood of waste products – excreted from the body as urine; Electrolyte balance; Water balance; Acid-base balance |
| Reproductive systems | Survival of genes; Production of sex cells (male: sperm; female: ova); Transfer and fertilization of sex cells; Development and birth of offspring; Nourishment of offspring; Production of sex hormones |
| Body as a Whole | No one body system functions entirely independently of other systems; All body systems are structurally and functionally interrelated and interdependent |
| Hair, Nails, Microscopic Sense Receptor, Sweat Glands & Oil Glands | skin appendages |
| Number of Bones in the body | 206 |
| Ligaments | bands of fibrous tissue that hold bones together |
| Joints | connections between bones that make movement possible |
| Brain & Spinal Cord location | Central nervous system [CNS] |
| Peripheral Nervous System | Cranial nerves and their branches, spinal nerves and their branches and sense organs |
| Functions Regulated by Hormones | Growth, Metabolism, Reproduction, Fluid and Electrolyte Balance |
| Lymphatic System | Transportation of lymph; Immunity |
| Primary Organs in Digestive System | Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum, Anal Canal |
| Accessory Organs in Digestive System | Teeth, Salivary Glands, Tongue, Liver, Gallbladder, Pancreas, Appendix |
| Male Reproductive Structures | Gonads, Vas Deferens, Urethra, Prostate, External Genitalia [penis & scrotum] |
| Female Reproductive Structures | Gonads, Uterus, Uterine Tubes, Vagina, External Genitalia, Mammary Glands |
Created by:
TheLifeOfMJ