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P Mylin Study Stack
Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aneurysm/o | widened blood vessel |
| angi/o | vessel (usually blood or lymph) |
| vascul/o | vessel |
| aort/o | aorta |
| arteri/o | artery |
| arteriol/o | arteriole |
| atri/o | atrium |
| ather/o | fatty plaque |
| cardi/o | heart |
| electr/o | electricity |
| embol/o | embolus (plug) |
| hemangi/o | blood vessel |
| my/o | muscle |
| phleb/o | vein |
| ven/o | vein |
| scler/o | hardening |
| sept/o | septum |
| sphygm/o | pulse |
| sten/o | narrowing, stricture |
| thromb/o | blood clot |
| ventricul/o | ventricle (of the heart or brain) |
| -gram | record, writing |
| -graph | instrument for recording |
| -graphy | process of recording |
| -sphyxia | pulse |
| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture |
| brady- | slow |
| endo- | in, within |
| extra- | outside |
| peri- | around |
| tachy- | rapid |
| trans- | across |
| Localized abdominal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery | aneurysm |
| Condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop | arrest |
| Loss of effective cardiac function, which results in cessation of circulation | cardiac arrest |
| Soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur | bruit |
| Any disease or weakening of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function | cardiomyopathy |
| Thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular sructure | catheter |
| Blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs | deep vein thrombosis (CVT) |
| Calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction | ejection fraction (EF) |
| Failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs | heart failure (HF) |
| Mass of undissolved matter (foreigh object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel | embolus |
| Quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions | fibrillation |
| Arrest of bleeding or circulation - blood standing still | hemostasis |
| Excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood | hyperlipidemia |
| Common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140mm HG systolic or 90mmHG diastolic | hypertension (HTN) |
| Inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm | arrhythmia |
| Implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart | implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) |
| Area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply - Heart or Brain | infarct |
| Local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction | ischemia |
| Common and occasionally serious condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation | mitral valve prolapse (MVP) |
| Sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping", "fluttering", "skipped beats", or a pounding feeling in the heart | palpitation |
| Congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis; (2) interventricular septal defect; (3) transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; (4) right ventricular hypertrophy | tetralogy of Fallot |
| Slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessles, tubes, or obstructed arteries | stent |
| Blood clot that obstructs a vessel | thrombus |
| Passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart | cardiac catheterization (CC) |
| Graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs | electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG) |
| ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings | Holter monitor test |
| ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions | stress test |
| Blood test that measures troponin T. troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB) | cardiac enzyme studies |
| Radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye | angiography |
| Angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart | coronary angiography |
| Angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained - compared by a computer that digitally subtracts images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast | digital subtraction angiography |
| Noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart | echocardiography (ECHO) |
| Noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart | Doppler ultrasound |
| Nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart | multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA) |
| Diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and diseases | scintigraphy |
| Scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image | thallium study (resting) |
| Injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein | sclerotherapy |
| Procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest | cardioversion |
| Procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter | angioplasty |
| Surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronoary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle - usually 2, 3 or 4 arteries | coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) |
| Dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) |
| Removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteries, a type of vasculitis | arterial biopsy |
| Destruction of conduction tissue of the heart ot interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume | catheter ablation |
| Procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins | laser ablation |
| Tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment | ligation and stripping |
| Surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine | open heart surgery |
| Destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator | thrombolysis |
| Infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot | intravascular thrombolysis |
| Incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis | valvotomy |
| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm |
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| ASHD | arteriosclerotic heart disease |
| BBB | bundle-branch block |
| BP, B/P | blood pressure |
| CA | cardiac arrest |
| CABG | coronary artery bypass graft |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| CC | cardiac catheterization |
| Chol | cholesterol |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CV | cardiovascular |
| DOE | dyspnea on exertion |
| DVT | deep vein thrombosis |
| ECG, EKG | electrocardiogram |
| ECHO | echocardiogram |
| EF | ejection fraction |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| HF | heart failure |
| HTN | hypertension |
| IV | intravenous |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MR | mitral regurgitation |
| MRA | magnetic resonance angiogram |
| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
| MS | mitral stenosis |
| MUGA | Multiple-gated acquisition (scan) |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapse |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| PVC | premature ventricular contraction |
| RV | right ventricle |
| SA, S-A | sinoatrial |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| VT | ventricular tachycardia |
| Prevent, alleviate, or correct cardiac arrhythmias | antiarrhythmics |
| Act on kidneys to increase excretion of water and sodium | diuretics |
| Lower cholesterol in the blood and reduce its production in the liver by blocking the enzyme that produces it | statins |
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pmylin
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