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Family Practice
Board Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What causes Beriberi? | Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency |
| What is Achelasia? | Dysphagia for solids and liquids, absent peristalsis and tight lower esophageal sphincter, and Beak-like esophagus on x-ray |
| Direct inguinal hernia | more common in adults weakness in Hesselbach's triangle |
| Indirect inguinal hernia | more common in infants persistant processus vaginalis |
| Crohn's disease | Can effect entire GI tract, terminal ilium more common, Transmural, Skip lesions, and "Cobblestonnong" |
| Ulcerative colitis | Colon and rectum without skip lesions, and "lead pipe" appearance on x-ray |
| Viral enteritis | Norwalk, Rotavirus in young children |
| Staphylococcal enteritis | "Church picnic" epidemic, onset in 3-6 hours |
| Shigella dysentary | very small bacterial dose, blood and mucus in stool |
| Vibrio parahaemolyticus | Oysters |
| Cholelithiasis | "Female, fertile, forty fat" |
| Cholangitis | Charcot's triad: biliary colic, jaundice, fever |
| Hepatitis B | hep BsAg in early infection and carrier, hep BcAb for life |
| Secondary hypertension | Estrogen, renal dz, hyperaldosteronism, pheo, coarctation |
| Innocent murmur | medium pitch, systolic ejection, L lower/mid sternal border |
| Osler's nodes | nodules on digits secondary to BE |
| Roth's spots | retinal hemprrhages secondary to BE |
| Raynaud's | Pallor, cyanosis, erythema of fingers |
| Mitral stenosis | rheumatic fever, loud S1 and opening snap after S2, low-pitched diastolic rumble |
| Mitral regurg | Midsystolic click, harsh blowing holosystolic |
| Aortic Stenosis | Angina, syncope, left-sided heart failure, crescendo-decrescendo murmur radiating to carotids |
| Aortic regurg | Decrescendo, widened pulse pressure, "water hammer", "pistol-shot" over femoral A |
| Post-op fever | Wind, Water, Walk, Wound, Weird meds |
| MEN 1 | parathyroid, pit, pancreatic |
| MEN 2a | parathyroid, thyroid (medullary), pheo |
| MEN 2b | Neuromas, thyroid (med), pheo, Marfanoid habitus |
| threatened abortion | Abdominal cramps with or without vaginal bleeding or Vaginal bleeding during the first 20 weeks of pregnancy |
| missed abortion | the embryo or fetus has died, but a miscarriage has not yet occurred |
| incomplete abortion | when tissue has been passed, but some remains in utero |
| SVT | re-entrant rhythm, p-waves hidden in T waves |
| A flutter | saw tooth |
| VT | 3 or more consecutive PVCs, independent p-waves |
| V Fib | no definable wave, no pulse |
| Familial hypercholestrolemia | auto dom, xanthomas, xanthelasma, MI in 40s |
| Familial hypertrigyceridemia | auto dom, pancreatitis, milky serum |
| Familial hyperlipidemia | auto dom, increased chol or triG, no xanthomas (eyelid) |
| MI | ST elevation, T wave inversion, CPK peak 12-40 hrs, LDH peak 3-6 days |
| Left-sided heart failure | DOE, Orthopnea, PND |
| Right-sided heart failure | Edema, Hepatomegaly, JVD |
| Viral pneumonia | patchy infiltrates, most common in children |
| S. pneumoniae pneumonia | rust sputum, lobar, gram pos diplococci |
| H. inf pneumonia | COPD, small gram neg rods |
| Kleb pneumonia | EtOH, current jelly, encapsulated gram neg rods |
| Staph pneumonia | salmon sputum, nosocomial, gram pos cocci in clusters |
| Mycoplasma pneumonia | young adults, xray worse than symptoms |
| symogi effect | nocturnal hypoglycemia that leads to morning hyperglycemia |
| Heberden's nodes | DIP - OA |
| holiday heart | inc Etoh consumption and withdrawal - afib |
| Pyridoxine def | B6, neropathy, isoniazid |
| Niacin def | Pellegra - Diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis(stomatitis) |
| Cobolamin | B12 |
| lung cancer | squamous (40-50%), adeno (35%), small cell (25%) |
| Small cell Ca | smoking, paraneoplastic, Horner's, superior vena cava syndrome |
| Sarcoidosis | increased calcium, "ground glass" xray |
| Pulm HTN | accentuated P2 of S2, cyanosis and clubbing |
| Pleural effusion exudate | >3g/dl prt, pleural/serum prt >0.5, pleural/serum LDH > 0.6, neoplasm and infection |
| Pleural effusion transudate | <3g/dl prt, pleural/serum prt <0.5, pleural/serum LDH < 0.6, CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrom |
| Thyroid nodule | previous neck radiation, hoarse voice, "cold" nodule on thyroid scan |
| Thyroid Ca | Papillary (most common, best prog), Follicular, Medullary, Anaplastic (worse) |
| hypoparathyroidism | tingling, tetany, Chovstek's sign |
| Chovstek's sign | tapping of ear causes facial twitching |
| hyperparathyroidism | Bones, stones, abdominal groan and psychic moans |
| SIADH | tumor, trauma, pulm dz, drugs, hypoNa, concentrated urine, tx restrict water |
| diabetes insipidus | lack of ADH leads to polyuria and polydipsia |
| Addison's dz | dec. cortisol, wt loss and fatigue, skin pigmentation, eosinophilia, inc. IV glucocorticoids when stressed |
| Cushing's syndrome | inc cortisol, easy bruising, osteoporosis, |
| pheochromocytoma | HA, palpitation, anxiety, HTN, dx by urinary catecholamines |
| Wilson's dz | auto rec, Copper accum, Kayser-Fleischer |
| Glomerulonephritis | hematuria, proteinuria, RBC casts |
| Nephrotic syndrome | pronteinuria, edema, hypoalbuniuria |
| renal artery stenosis | fibromuscular displasia (young women), atheroscerolsis |
| Bladder Ca risks | smoking, schistosomiasis, aniline dyes |
| acute tubular necrosis | ischemia or toxins, resolves in weeks, may need dialysis |
| uremic syndrome | CNS changes, asterixis, pericarditis, N/V, yellow-brown skin |
| polycystic kidney dz | auto dom, hematuria, HTN, UTIs |
| central pontine myelinolysis | correcting hypoNa to fast |
| epididymitis | support relieves pain |
| testicular torsion | adolescent boys, elevation does not relieve pain |
| hydrocele | can be transilluminated |
| vericocele | "bag of worms" |
| seminoma | painless lump, does not transilluminate, |
| prostate CA | firm, nodular, irregular |
| Head and neck | T1-4 |
| Heart | T1-5 |
| Respiratory system | T2-7 |
| Esophagus | T2-8 |
| Upper GI | T5-9, stom - duod |
| Middle GI | T10-11, duod - right colon |
| Lower GI | T12-L2, left colon |
| Appendix | T12 |
| Kidneys | T10-11 |
| Ureters | T10-11,12-L1 |
| Bladder | T11-L2 |
| Trich | yellow, green bubbly, strawberry, metro |
| BV | copious fishy d/c |
| venereal warts | HPV 6,11 |
| Vulvar Ca | squam, after menopause, pruritis |
| Cervical ca | HPV 16,18,31, postcoital bleeding |
| Endometrial ca | unopposed estro, obesity, nulliparity, early menarche, late menopause |
| breast ca | nuliparity, early menarche, 1st delivery after 30, fixed, irregular painless, 90% invasive ductal |
| DDx breast mass | Ca, cyst, fibroadenoma, fat necrosis |
| Endometriosis | dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, infertility |
| PCOS | high LH, low/n FSH, hirsutism, obesity |
| Incontinence | DIAPERS - Dementia, Infection, Atroph vag, Pharm, Endocrine, Restricted motility, Stool impaction |
| first stage of labor | from regular painful contractions to complete cervical dilation |
| second stage of labor | from cervical dilation to delivery |
| third stage of labor | birth to placenta |
| early decelerations | normal, occur with contraction |
| late decelerations | begin, peak and end after contraction, fetal hypoxia |
| variable decelerations | cord compression, reposition |
Created by:
messary
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