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P Mylin Study Stack
Remale Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| amni/o | amnion |
| cervic/o | neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus) |
| colp/o | vagina |
| vagin/o | vagina |
| galact/o | milk |
| lact/o | milk |
| gynec/o | woman, female |
| hyster/o | uterus (womb) |
| metri/o | uterus |
| uter/o | uterus |
| mamm/o | breast |
| mast/o | breast |
| men/o | menses, menstruation |
| metr/o | uterus (womb); measure |
| nat/o | birth |
| oophor/o | ovary |
| ovari/o | ovary |
| perine/o | perineum |
| salping/o | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian [auditory]tubes) |
| -arche | beginning |
| -cyesis | pregnancy |
| -gravida | pregnant woman |
| -para | to bear (offspring) |
| -salpinx | tube (usually fallopian or eustachian[auditory]tubes) |
| -tocia | chilbirth, labor |
| -version | turning |
| ante- | before, in front of |
| dys- | bad; painful; difficult |
| endo- | in, within |
| multi- | many, much |
| post- | after |
| primi- | first |
| Genital itching, painful intercourse, and foul-smelling discharge are symptoms of _________ | vaginitis |
| Any of several contagious diseases acquired as a result of sexual activity with an infected partner; also known as venereal disease, can also be called _____________ | sexually transmitted disease (STD) |
| Caused by bacteria; it involves the mucosal surface of the genitourinary tract and, possibly, the rectum and pharynx - acquired through sexual intercourse and through orogenital and anogenital contact | gonorrhea |
| Caused by infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum, it may become a chronic, infectious, multisystemic disease | syphilis |
| Caused by infection with the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatic - the most prevalent and one of the most damaging STD's in the US | chlamydia |
| Red, blisterlike, painful lesions that closely resemble the common fever blister or cold sore that appears on the lips and around the mouth | genital herpes |
| Condylomas caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) also known as ________________ | genital warts |
| More common in females - causes vaginitis, urethritis, and cystitis; in males it causes irritation inside the penis, mild discharge, or slight burning after urination or ejaculation | trichomoniasis |
| Benign uterine tumors composed of muscle and fibrous tissue | fibroids; AKA leiomyomas |
| The most common malignancy of women in the US; appears to be associated with ovarian hormonal function | breast cancer |
| Most commonly affects women between the ages of 40-49; infection associated with sexual activity, first coitus at a young age, large numbers of sex partners, and infection with certain sexually transmitted viruses | cervical cancer |
| Inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri | endocervicitis |
| Inability or diminished ability to produce offspring | infertility |
| Beginning of menstrual function | menarche |
| Scanty or infrequent menstrual flow | oligomenorrhea |
| Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the capability of sexual reproduction is attained | puberty |
| Turning or state of being turned back, especially an entire organ, such as the uterus, being tipped from its normal position | retroversion |
| Inability of the female to become pregnant or the male to impregnate the female | sterility |
| Capable of sustaining life; denotes a fetus sufficiently develooped to live outside of the uterus | viable |
| Termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is capable of surviving outside the uterus | abortion |
| Premature separation of a normally situated placenta | abruptio placentae |
| Common abnormality of delivery in which the fetal size of the fetus or the small size of the pelvic outlet | dystocia |
| Most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy | eclampsia |
| Woman who has been pregnant more than once | multigravida |
| Woman who has delivered more than one viable (live) infant | multipara |
| Process of giving birth | parturition |
| Condition in which the placenta is attached near the cervix and ruptures prematurely, with spotting as the early symptom | placenta previa |
| Woman pregnant for the first time | premigravida |
| Period of 42 days after childbirth and expulsion of the placenta and membranes, during which the reproductive organs usually return to normal | puerperium |
| Transabdominal puncture of the amniotic sac under ultrasound guidance using a needle and syringe to remove amniotic fluid | amniocentesis |
| Test for patency of the uterine tubes made by transuterine insufflation with carbon dioxide | tubal insufflation |
| Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with an optical magnifying instrument (colposcope) | colposcopy |
| Sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis of potential genetic defects | chorionic villus sampling (CVS) |
| Cytological study used to detect abnormal cells sloughed from the cervix and vagina, usually obtained during routine pelvic examination | Papanicolaou (Pap) test |
| Radiographic examination of the breast to screen for breast cancer | mammography |
| Radiography of the uterus and uterine tubes (oviducts) following injection of a contrast medium | hysterosalpingography |
| US of the pelvic area performed with a probe inserted into the vagina, which provides sharper images of pathological and normal structures within the pelvis | transvaginal ultrasonography |
| Suturing the cervix to prevent it from dilating prematurely during pregnancy, thus decreasing the chance of a spontaneous abortion | cerclage |
| Incision of the abdomen and uterus to remove the fetus; also called C-section | cesarean birth |
| Excision of a cone-shaped piece of tissue, such as mucosa of the cervix, for histological examination | conization |
| Sampling of fetal blood drawn from the umbilical vein and performed under ultrasound guidance | cordocentesis |
| Widening of the cervical canal with a dilator and scraping of the uterine endometrium with a curette | Dilatation and Curettage (D&C |
| Incision of the perineum from the vaginal orifice usually done to prevent tearing of the tissue and to facilitate birth | episiotomy |
| Excision of the uterus | hysterectomy |
| Hysterectomy where the cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes remain | subtotal hysterectomy |
| Hysterectomy where the cervix is removed but the ovaries and fallopian tubes remain | total hysterectomy |
| Total (complete) hysterectomy, including uterus, cervix, fallopian tubes, and ovaries | total plus bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| Excision of a small primary breast tumor (a "lump") and some of the normal tissue that surrounds it | lumpectomy |
| Breast enlargement to increase breast size or to replace one that has been surgically removed | breast augmentation |
| Exision of the entire breast | mastectomy |
| Excision of the entire breast, nipple, areola, and the involved overlying skin | total (simple) mastectomy |
| Excision of the entire breast, including the lymph nodes in the underarm (axillary dissection) | modified radical mastectomy |
| Excision of the entire breast, all underarm lymph nodes, and chest wall muscles under the breast | radical mastectomy |
| Surgical creation of a skin flap using skin and fat from the lower half of the abdomen which is passed under the skin to the breast area | transverse rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) flap |
| Excision of an ovary and fallopian tube | salpingo-oophorectomy |
| Procedure that ties (ligates) the fallopian tubes to prevent pregnancy | tubal ligation |
| Days 1-5 Uterine endometrium sloughs off because of hormonal stimulation | Menstrual |
| Days 6-14 When menstruation ceases, the endometrium begins to thicken as new tissue is rebuilt | Ovulatory |
| Days 15-28 The empty graafian follicle fills with a yellow material and is now called the corpus luteum | Postovulatory |
| Treat vaginal yeast infection by altering the yeast cell membrane or interfering with a metabolic process | antifungals |
| Treat symptoms of menopause (hot flashes, vaginal dryness, fatigue) through hormone replacement therapy (HRT) | estrogens |
| Prevent ovulation | oral contraceptives |
| Induce labor at term by increasing the strength and frequency of uterine contractions | oxytocics |
| Chemically destroy sperm by creating a highly acidic environment in the uterus | spermicides |
| AB; AB; ab | abortion |
| AI | artificial insemination |
| BSE | breast self-examination |
| CA | cancer |
| D&C | dilatation (dilation) and curettage |
| DUB | dysfunctional uterine bleeding |
| GYN | gynecology |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| HSG | hysterosalpingography |
| HSV | herpes simplex virus |
| IUD | intrauterine device |
| LMP | last menstrual period |
| OCPs | oral contraceptive pills |
| Pap | Papanicolaou (test) |
| PID | pelvic inflammatory disease |
| PMP | previous menstrual period |
| PMS | premenstrual syndrome |
| STD | sexually transmitted disease |
| TAH | total abdominal hysterectomy |
| TAHBSO | total abdominal hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy |
| TRAM | transverse rectus abdominis muscle |
| TVH | total vaginal hysterectomy |
| VD | venereal disease |
| CPD | cephalopelvic disproportion |
| CS, C-section | cesarean section |
| CVS | chorionic villus sampling |
| CWP | childbirth without pain |
| FECG | fetal electrocardiogram |
| FHR | fetal heart rate |
| FHT | fetal heart tone |
| IUGR | intrauterine growth rate; intrauterine growth retardation |
| IVF-ET | in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer |
| LBW | low birth weight |
| NB | newborn |
| OB | obstetrics |
| para 1,2,3 and so on... | unipara, bipara, tripara (number of viable births) |
| UC | uterine contractions |
| Accessory parts of a structure | adnexa |
| Congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening, such as the vagina | atresia |
| Ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation | corpus luteum |
| Pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum does not reach the utering cavity but becomes implanted on any tissue other than the lining of uterine cavity | ectopic pregnancy |
| Surgical closure of the vaginal canal | colpocleisis |
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pmylin
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