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MALE REPRODUCTIVE
Fundamentals of Body Structures and Functions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| REPRODUCTION: The process by which a single cell replicates into two (2) genetically identical daughter cells to replace a necrotic (dead) cell is called: | mitosis |
| Replicates means: | duplicates (copies) |
| Genetic material necessary for replication is contained in a cell's: | nucleus |
| Replication means: | duplication or copying. |
| Genetic material contained in a cell nucleus is found in groups called: | chromosomes. |
| Chromosomes contain: | genes |
| Genes contain: | DNA which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Chromosomes are groups of: | genes |
| Genes (DNA) contain hereditary instructions (blueprints) for cellular characteristics (descriptions) aka: | genetic traits. |
| Hereditary means: | familial |
| The number of chromosomes that cells normally replicate (duplicate) is: | 46. |
| The 46 chromosomes in a cell nucleus contain: | 23 maternal chromosomes and 23 paternal chromosomes. |
| The only 2 exceptions to cell replication (duplication) occur with: | 1. The male sex cells called spermatozoa (sperm). 2. The female sex cells called ova aka eggs. |
| Spermatozoa (sperm) and ova (eggs) replication (duplication) is called: | meiosis. |
| Each spermatozoon (individual sperm) normally contains: | 23 chromosomes. |
| Each ovum (egg) normally contains: | 23 chromosomes. |
| MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM: The primary sex organs of male reproductive system are the paired male gonads called: | testes aka testicles. |
| Oxygenated blood is transported to the testes via (through the: | testicular arteries |
| Testes are | testicles |
| Transported means | carried |
| Deoxygenated blood is transported (carried) away from the testicles (tests) via (through) the | testicular veins. |
| Testicles (testes) are the: | primary sex organs of the male reproductive system |
| Physiologies (functions) of the testes include: | spermtogenesis which means creation (production) of spermatozoa (sperm). |
| Spermatogenesis occurs in tubular structures located within each testicle (testis) called: | seminiferous tubules. |
| Spermatogenesis means: | creation (production) of spermatozoa (sperm). |
| Sperm consist of (contain) three (3) parts called: | 1. The spermatic head. 2. The spermatic midpiece. 3. The spermatic flagellum (tail) |
| Sperm are aka: | spermatozoa. |
| Each spermatic head normally contains 23 groups of genes called: | chromosomes. |
| Genes contain: | DNA |
| Each spermatic midpiece contains ATP for locomotion which means: | movement aka motility. |
| ATP refers to: | energy |
| Each spermatic flagellum: | is a whip-like ail for locomotion through the female reproductive tract. |
| Tract means | passageway. |
| Locomotion means: | movement aka motility. |
| Developing spemaozoa (sperm) are stored in a: | comma-shaped structure adjacent to each testicle (testis) called an epididymis. |
| Spermatozoa (sperm) are: | male sex cells (23 chromosomes) |
| Adjacent means: | next to |
| Each epididymis is a tube (duct) whose length is approximately: | 20 feet long. |
| It takes the spermatozoa (sperm) approximately: | 20 days to move through an epididymis. |
| Vessels (ducts) that transport (carry) spermatooa (sperm) from the epididymis to the urethra are called: | vasa deferentia (vas deferens) or seminal ducts (seminal duct) or ductus deferentes (ductus deferens) |
| The physiology of the epididymides is to: | store spermatozoa 9sperm) |
| The inability to reproduce is called: | sterility or infertility. |
| Surgical removal (excision) of a section from both seminal ducts causing sterility (infertility) is called a: | bilateral vasectiomy. |
| A bilateral vasectomy will not affect: | 1. Secondary sexual characteristics. 2. Libido aka sex drive. |
| Each seminal duct, testicular artery and testicular vein is surrounded by a protective sheath called the: | spermatic cord. |
| Sheath means: | covering. |
| Vessels responsible for expulsion (ejection) ofspermatozoa (sperm) into the urethra are called: | ejaculatory ducts. |
| Spermatozoa (sperm): | are male sex cells. |
| Depending on health, the number of spermatozoa (sperm) ejaculated (expelled) can be: | 40 million to 600 million. |
| Sermatozoa (sperm) are: | male sex cells (23 chromosomes) |
| Because of the hostile vaginal environment, only thousands of spermatozoa (sperm) reach the: | neck of the uterus called the cervix. |
| If the number of spermatooa (sperm) ejaculated (ejected) falls below 20 million, the male is considered: | sterile aka infertile. |
| Once ejaculated (expelled) some spermatozoa (sperm) can live inside the female reproductive tract for up to: | 5 days. |
| Large numbers of spematozoa (sperm) are required to fertilize an ovum (egg) because the ovum (egg) has a protective membrane (lining) that must be broken down by an enzyme secreted from the spermatic head of each: | spermatozoa (individual sperm) |
| Enymes ae: | chemical catalysts (cause reactions) |
| The liquid portion of the ejaculate is called the: | semen aka seminal fluid. |
| The average volume (amount) of semen per ejaculate (ejection) is: | 2.5-6mL or 1 teaspoon |
| Characteristics (descriptions) of seminal fluid (semen) include: | 1. Milky in color and viscuous which means thick. 2 Sticky because it contains fructose (energy for the spermatozoa. |
| Characteristics of seminal fluid include an: | 3. Alkaline pH (high pH) to neutralize the acidity (low pH) of vaginal secretions and urine. |
| Characteristics of seminal fluid include an: | 4. Containing seminalplasmin which protects sperm by destroying bacteria in the female genital tract. |
| Characteristics of seminal fluid include an: | 5. Containing an enzyme that activates the flagella (tails) of the sperm during ejaculation. |
| Characteristics of seminal fluid include an: | 6. Containing prostaglandins that cause muscular contractions of the female genital (reproductive) tract. |
| Characteristics ae: | descriptions. |
| Seminal (seminal fluid) is secreted by the: | 1. Prostate. 2. Seminal vesicles. 3 Bulbourethral glands aka Cowper gland. |
| Secreted means: | produced and discharged (released) |
| The prostate is he size of a walnut and surrounds: | the proximal urethra just inferior to the urinary bladder. |
| Proximal means | beginning |
| Inferior means: | Below or under |
| Seminal vesicles are paired structures located: | anterior to the rectum at the posterior base of the urinary bladder. |
| Anterior means; | front |
| Posterior means | back or behind. |
| Bulbourethral glands ae: | paired glands located just inferior to the prostate. |
| Bulbuurethral glands are aka: | Cowper glands |
| Physiologies (functions) of the testicles include: | secretion (production and discharge) of the male sex hormone called testosterone aka androgen. |
| Testicles are otherwise known as: | testes |
| Testicular cells that create (produce) testosterone are called: | interstitial cells of Leydig. |
| Testosterone is otherwise known as: | androgen |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 1. Development and maintenance of the male sex organs. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 2. Descent (usually prenatal) of the testes (testicles) from the abdominopelvic cavity into the scrotum. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 3. Broadening of the shoulders and narrowing of the hips during puberty (ages 13-19). |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 4. Protein build up in muscles producing muscular bulk and firmness in the physique. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 5. Maturation (ripening) of spermatozoa (sperm). |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 6. Enlargement of the thyroid cartilage aka the Adam's apple. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 7. Thickening of the vocal cords causing a deeper voice. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 8. Influencing aggressive behavior. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 9 Stimulation of hair growth on the face, body, and pubic region. |
| Physiologies (functions) of testosterone (androgen) include: | 10. Stimulation of the sex drive otherwise known as the libido. |
| An outpouching of loose skin from the pelvic wall which supports and contains the testicles (testes) is called the: | scrotum |
| Testicles (testes) are the: | primary sex organs of the male reproductive system. |
| Internally the scrotum contains: | two (2) sacs separated by a septum. |
| Septum means: | wall. |
| Each sac contains a: | testis (testicle) |
| The scrotum lies outside of the body because spermatozoa (sperm) and testosterone (androgen) production require: | a temperature 3 degrees F lower than normal body temperature. |
| Depending on the temperature, the scrotum has the ability to: | contract and relax. |
| The region (area) between the scrotum and anus is called the: | perineum. |
| The scrotum is an outpouching of loose skin from the pelvic wall which supports and contains the: | testes (testicles). |
| The male urethra is the vessel (duct) that transports (carries): | urine or spermatozoa (sperm) and semen to the urethral meatus or urethral os or urethral orifice). |
| The length of the male urethra is approximately: | 8 inches. |
| The male urethra is subdivided into the: | 1. Prostatic urethra which is surrounded by the prostate. |
| The male urethra is subdivided into the: | 2. Membranous urethra which runs from the prostatic urethra to the proximal portion of the penis. |
| The male urethra is subdivided into the: | 3. Spongy or cavernous urethra which runs from the proximal portion of the penis and terminates at the urethral orifice. |
| The physiology (function) of the penis is to: | deposit (put) spermatozoa (sperm) into the female genital (reproductive) tract. |
| Tract means: | passageway. |
| The penis consists of an enlarged distal portion called: | the glans penis. |
| Covering the glans penis is a section of loose skin called the: | prepuce aka foreskin. |
| The glans penis is the: | enlarged distal (end) portion (tip). |
| Internally the penis consists of (contains) three (3) cylindrical masses (collections) of spongy tissue containing: | blood sinuses. |
| Sinus means: | cavity (space). |
| Sexual stimulation causes: | penile artery dilation allowing large quantities of blood to enter the blood sinuses. |
| Dilation means: | increased diameter ( lumen). |
| Expansion (enlargement) of the filling blood sinuses (cavities): | compress the veins that that remove blood from the penis called penile veins. |
| Compress means: | constrict (squeeze). |
| More blood being delivered to the penis through the penile arteries and less blood leaving the penis through the penile veins causes: | an erection. |
| The function of the penis is to: | deposit spermatozoa (sperm) into the female genital (reproductive) tract. |
| Once sexual stimulation ceases (stops): | the penile arteries will constrict. |
| Penile veins then expand and drain the blood from the blood sinuses (cavities) and the | erection is lost. |
Created by:
bterrelonge
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