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Psych development
Ch 6 Early motor development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does the endocrine system do? | Control cells, organs, tissues through the secretion of hormones |
| What are hormones ? | -Chemical substances produced by a glad -Thyroid, Growth, ___? |
| What does the nervous system do? | -Control: movement and speech -Important for social. Motor, cognitive perspective |
| When does most of our neurological development happen? | Prenatal |
| What is neurogenesis and how does it relate to exercise? | Development of tissues (brain) and neurons. More likely to engage in exercise it stimulates the brain and neurons |
| What are some practical reasons for learning about infant motor development? | development in order to be able to recognize deviance from the typical pattern |
| Spontaneous movements | movements are infants’ movements that occur without any apparent stimulation |
| Supine Kicking | child spontaneously thrusting their legs while laying on their back |
| What did Thelen say about supine kicking? | -Supine kicking is not random but rhythmical; kicks have a coordinated pattern -The ankle, knee, and hip joints move cooperatively with each other, not independently from one another |
| T/F - Infants’ supine kicks are not identical to an adult’s walking steps | True |
| infantile reflex | -an involuntary, stereotypical movement response to a specific stimulus -automatic/unconscious |
| Asymmetric Tonic Neck Reflex | -"fencing reflex" b/c infant's arms and head, which resembles that of a classically trained fencer. -When the face is turned to one side, the arm and leg on the side to which the face is turned extend and the arm and leg on the opposite side flex. |
| Palmer grasp | -Close hand over stimulus -Future voluntary grasping behavior |
| Moro Reflex | -Ability to remain balanced up until 4 months -Try to avoid injury when you feel like your falling -Abduction, adduction, crying |
| Rooting Reflect | Reflect in which you are stroking a side of the check and they move the head to the side and start sucking |
| three types of infantile reflexes | -Primitive reflexes – around from beginning (palmar) -Postural reactions – move upright in world -Locomotor reflexes - help us get around |
| Primitive reflex:Around from the beginning | an involuntary response to specific stimulation that is often mediated by lower brain centers |
| Postural Reactions: moving right up in the world | These help the infant automatically maintain posture in a changing environment -Postural reactions generally appear after the infant is 2 months |
| Locomotor Reflexes: Moving in Place | -Involuntary modifications of movements produced by sensory signals from receptors in the limbs and body -The locomotor reflexes appear much earlier than corresponding voluntary behaviors |
| Why should we be careful when attempting to assess the neurological status of an infant? | -Each individual develops as a result of interacting individual, environmental, and task constraints |
| Why Do Infants Move? | structural functional applied |
| structural | reflexes are hard-wired into infants (i.e., by-product of the human neurological system) |
| Functional | reflexes help with the birthing process (gaining correct position) and help the infant survive – to eat, breathe, and grasp |
| Applied | reflexes help with voluntary movement development |
| motor milestone | a fundamental motor skill, the attainment of which is associated with the acquisition of later voluntary movements |
| What must an infant do In order to crawl | an infant must first be able to lift their head and shoulders in a prone position, which requires neck and shoulder strength |
| First child syndrome | first-time mothers hold their infants for long periods and avoid putting the infants on their stomachs for a long time = can delay motor development |
| infants with Down syndrome often experience...? | hypotonia |
| hypotonia | which is best described as a lack of muscle tone |
| why do babies fall when the floor moves? | -Kids are so preoccupied with optical flow – kinesthetic sense kids fall on their butt -Kids rely on visual information rather than the actual movement |
Created by:
rmart11
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