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Civics Q3 Benchmark
CE.2-CE.11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Representative government | People elect public officeholders to make laws and conduct government on their behalf |
| Rule of law | The government and those who govern are bound by the law |
| Democracy | Government in which the people rule |
| Direct democracy | People vote on laws firsthand or directly |
| Majority rules | If most of the people vote for someone or something, then that person or law passes. |
| Consent of the governed | People are the source of any and all government power |
| Minority rights | Even though the majority makes the decisions, the smaller group's rights are protected |
| Limited government | Government is not all powerful and may do only those things people have given it the power to do |
| Declaration of Independence | Stated grievances against the king; affirmed the unalienable rights of "life liberty and the pursuit of happiness"; established idea that all people are equal under the law |
| Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | Freedom of religious beliefs |
| Virginia Declaration of Rights | Served as a model for the Bill of Rights |
| Charters of the Virginia Company of London | Guaranteed the rights of Englishmen to the colonists |
| Articles of Confederation | First form of government; weak central government |
| two steps to amend a constitution | Propose and ratify |
| Who proposes a change to the US Constitution? | Congress or convention |
| Who ratifies a change to the US Constitution? | the states |
| Who proposes a change to the Va Constitution? | General Assembly |
| Who ratifies a change to the Va Constitution? | Va voters |
| Bill of Rights | 1st 10 amendments |
| How many amendments does the Constitution have? | 27 |
| Who provides for the common defense? | the military |
| What is the purpose of the Preamble? | states the goals of the Constitution |
| What is the purpose of the Constitution? | Sets up the structure of our government |
| to affirm | to state |
| amendment | change added to a constitution |
| articulated | stated |
| concept | idea |
| confederation | loose association of states |
| consent | approval |
| domestic tranquility | peace in our country |
| fundamental | basic |
| grievance | complaint |
| to implement | to carry out, to put in use |
| justice | fairness |
| liberty | freedom |
| on their behalf | for them |
| Preamble | 1st paragraph of Constitution |
| ratification | formal approval |
| right of assembly | people may gather peacefully |
| right of petition | right to communicate in writing with the government |
| statute | law |
| unalienable rights | rights that can't be taken away |
| Ways to become a U.S. citizen | birth or naturalization |
| allegiance | loyalty |
| Requirements to become naturalized | Know American history and principles and be able to read, write, and speak English |
| the five 1st Amendment freedoms | religion, assembly, petition, press, speech |
| one way to remember the five 1st Amendment freedoms | RAPPS |
| freedom of the press | freedom to express opinions in newspapers, magazines, and other printed materials |
| freedom of assembly | individuals have the right to peacefully gather |
| freedom of petition | the right to state one's opinions in writing to public officials |
| Which amendment extends the due process protection to actions of the states? | 14th |
| Which amendment extends the due process protection to the national government? | 5th |
| What is due process? | being treated fairly by the government |
| What are civic duties? | things we must do |
| What are civic responsibilities? | things we should do |
| What are the four examples of duties? | Obey laws, pay taxes, serve in the armed forces if called, serve on a jury or as a witness in court |
| What happens to citizens who do not fulfill their civic duties? | legal consequences |
| What are examples of civic responsibilities? | register, vote, hold elective office, keep informed on current events |
| voluntary | optional |
| freedom of religion | government may not establish an official religion |
| caring about the welfare of the community | community service |
| a change to the Constitution | amendment |
| diverse | varied, different |
| few rights are absolute | few rights are guaranteed |
| jury | decides the verdict in a trial |
| Who puts limits on our rights? | Supreme Court |
| Congress | Who is the head of the legislative branch? |
| judicial | What are the three branches of government at the national level? |
| 435 | How many members are there in the House of Representatives? |
| 100 | How many members are there in the Senate? |
| population | What determines how many members each state gets in the House of Representatives? |
| 2 | How many members are there from each state in the Senate? |
| to make the laws | What is the main job of the legislative branch? |
| legislative | Which branch of government declares war? |
| to carry out the laws | What is the main role of the President? |
| judicial review | The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and acts unconstitutional |
| bicameral | What type of legislature does the U.S. Government have? |
| the President | Who is the head of the Executive Branch? |
| federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet officers | Who does the President get to appoint? |
| the Supreme Court | What is the highest court in the land? |
| the executive branch | Which branch of government is in charge of the federal bureaucracy? |
| the judicial branch | Which branch is set up by Article III? |
| separation of power | What is the term for dividing the power of the government into three branches? |
| the cabinet | The President's advisors |
| bureaucracy | Office workers |
| national | What is a synonym for "federal"? |
| checks and balances | What is the term for giving each branch a way to mit the power of the other two branches? |
| the U.S. Constitution | Defines the structure and power of the national government |
| represents our country overseas | Ambassador |
| a judge who sits on the Supreme Court | Justice |
| to override | to "veto a veto" |
| impeachment | the result of a trial in Congress which finds a government official guilty of a crime |
| law | legislation |
| Governor of Virginia | Ralph Northam |
| Governor Term Length | 4 year terms |
| Governor Job Description | Head of the Executive Branch |
| Three people/groups who serve under the Governor | Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Cabinet |
| What do the people/groups who serve under the governor do? (Job Description) | Enforce Laws, Administer Laws, Provide Services |
| How many roles does the Governor have? | 5 roles |
| What are the roles of the Governor? | Chief of State, Chief Legislator, Chief Administrator, Chief of Party, Commander in Chief |
| The Virginia General Assembly is Virginia Government as __________ is to the Federal Government. | Congress |
| What is the General Assembly made of? | The House of Delegates (Like the House of Representatives) |
| What is the first step for a Bill to Become a Law? | A Bill is introduced by a Delegate or VA State Senator |
| What is the second step for a Bill to Become a Law? | A Bill is worked on in Committee |
| What is the 3rd step for a bill to become a law? | A Bill is debated in the floor |
| What is the 4th step for a bill to become a law? | A Bill is voted on and passed by both houses of the General Assembly |
| What is the 5th step for a bill to become a law? | A Bill is signed or vetoed by the Governor |
| Who signs local ordinances into laws? | The Mayor |
| Who signs state bills into laws (statutes)? | The Governor |
| Who signs federal bills into laws? | The President |
| What are the primary issues addressed by the VA General Assembly? | Education, Public Health, Environment, Revenue |
| Why are laws made? | In response to problems or issues |
| What is the name of the legislature of a city? | The City Council |
| What is the name of the legislature of an incorporated town? | The Town Council |
| What is the name of the legislature of a county? | The Board of Supervisors |
| What are the jobs of the three positions of the Legislative Branch? | Enact Ordinances, Adopt an Annual Budget, Exercise Legislative Powers |
| What is the position name for the Head of the Executive Branch of Cities and Incorporated Towns? | The Mayor |
| What is the position name for the Head of the Executive Branch for a County? | The Chair |
| What are two sources of local power? | The State, General Assembly |
| Do all counties and cities have the same power? | No |
| A list of powers for any VA city can be found in what document? | The VA Constitution |
| What body acts the Legislative Branch for the local K-12 Public School System? | The School Board |
| What four positions are required by all localities to elect other than head executive positions? | Sheriff, Clerk of the Circuit Court, Commissioner of Revenue, Treasures |
| This person is hired by the local Legislative Body to oversee all operations by the local government | A Manager |
| Why do counties, cities, and towns enact local ordinances? | To provide services for their residents |
| What are the powers of the National Government? | Conduct Foreign Policy, Regulate Commerce, Provide for the Common Defense |
| What are the powers of the State Government? | Promote Public Health, Promote Public Safety, Promote Public Welfare |
| What are the powers of the Local Government? | Enforce state and local laws, Promote public health, Protect public safety, Educate children, Protect the Environment, Collect Taxes, Regulate land use |
| What is the point of the 10th Amendment? | Anything not stated in the Constitution is up to the States to decide |
| Who is in the State Executive Branch? | Governor, Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Governor's Cabinet |
| Who is in the State Legislative Branch? | House of Delegates, Senate of Virginia |
| Who is in the State Judicial Branch? | VA Supreme Court, VA Court of Appeals, Circuit Court, District Courts |
| Who is in the County Executive Branch? | County Chair, County Manager, Treasurer, Sheriff, Commissioner of Revenue, Clerk of the Circuit Court |
| Who is in the County Legislative Branch? | Board of Supervisors, School Board |
| What courts make up the District Courts? | General District Court, Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court, and Small Claims Court |
| Who is in the City Legislative Branch? | City Council, School Board |
| How often can the Governor serve? | No limit as long as not consecutive (back-to-back) |
| How often can the Lt. Governor serve? | No limit |
| How often can the Attorney General serve? | No limit |
| What is the job of the Attorney General? | Lawyer for the state |
| Do the Governor, Lt. Governor, and Attorney General run on the same ticket? | No, they each run on a separate ticket. |
| public policy | ______ ______ is the government's response to issues important to the public |
| 3 ways the media informs policymakers and influences public policy by... | focusing public attention on selected issues, offering a forum in which opposing opinions are expressed, holding gov't officials accountable to the public |
| media | What do government officials use to communicate with the public? |
| lobbying | _______ is seeking to influence legislators |
| individuals influence public policy by: | participating in politics, expressing opinions, joining interest groups |
| interest groups influence public policy by: | identifying issues, making political contributions, lobbying government officials |
| Local gov't makes decisions on foreign policy to: | Respond to public health concerns, Plan for public safety during terrorism, Prepare economic development policies in response to global economy, Implementing policies to protect the environment |
| General Assembly | Local gov't is created by the...? |
| Counties, towns, cities | 3 units of local government |
| Done | Draw out the chart with the 3 levels of government and the branches. |
| School Board | What do all cities and counties have that oversees schools? |
| VA constitution | All powers of the local gov't are given to them by what? |
| Charter | The powers of a city are listed in its _____. |
| Local laws | What are ordinances? |
| Ordinances | The Board of Supervisors passes ______ |
| Individuals | Who has the greatest influence on local gov't? |
| Direct participation | Citizens can learn about the lawmaking process through _____ ______. |
| Judicial Review | determine constitutionality |
| 5th Amendment | extends due process to the national level |
| 14th Amendment | extends due process to the states |
| Due process | treated fairly by the government |
| Misdemeanor | minor crime |
| Juvenile | person under 18 |
| Defendant | the accused |
| Probable cause | enough reason to arrest |
| Plaintiff | the person suing |
| Appellate Jurisdiction | review a case from a lower court |
| Felony | serious crime |
| Civil Case | dispute over money or property |
| Original Jurisdiction | hear a case for the first time |
| a justice | judge on a Supreme Court |
| limited original jurisdiction | a small number of cases begin in this court |
| domestic | home |
| Marbury v. Madison | case that established judicial review |
| arraignment | probable cause reviewed, attorney provided if needed, plea is entered |
| verdict | jury decides on guilt or innocence |
| compensation | payment |
| justice | fairness |
| prohibit | not allow |
| federal | national |
| dual court system | federal courts and state courts |
| derive | come from |
| Constitution | supreme law of the land |
| conform | follow |
| attorney | lawyer |
| plea | defendant pleads guilty or innocent |
| bail | money that will be reimbursed when the defendant appears in court |
| scarcity | the inability to satisfy all wants at the same time |
| opportunity cost | the highest valued alternative forgone |
| supply | the amount of a good or service that producers are willing and able to sell at a certain price |
| demand | the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a certain price |
| production | the combining of resources to make goods or provide services |
| consumption | using goods and services |
| resources | factors of production |
| choice | a selection of an item or action from a set of possible alternatives |
| price | the amount of money exchanged for a good or service |
| capital resource | something owned to make goods or services |
| human resource | labor |
| price is determined by | the interaction of supply and demand |
| foregone | given up |
| natural resource | from the earth |
| entrepreneurship | the ability and willingness to develop a business venture |
| acquire | get |
| incentive | something that incites or motivates |
| goods | items |
| service | transaction provided without exchanging goods |
| private sector | part of the economy that is controlled by individuals and businesses |
| public sector | part of the economy that is controlled by the government |
| free market economy | little or no government involvement, profit, competition, private ownership |
| command economy | Central ownership (owned by the government) of property and resources, centrally planned (no supply and demand), lack of consumer choice. |
| mixed economy | the type of economy that has characteristics of both free market and command |
| the four types of resources | natural, human, capital, and entrepreneurship |
Created by:
NMSElliott
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