Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Med Term- Ch. 9
Ch. 9 corresponds with Medical Terminology Complete! (3rd ed.) by Bruce Wingerd.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alveol/o | air sac, alveolus |
| bronch/o, bronch/i | airway, bronchus |
| hem/o, hemat/o | blood |
| laryng/o | voice box, larynx |
| lob/o | a rounded part, lobe |
| muc/o | mucus |
| nas/o | nose |
| ox/i | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| phragm/o, phragmat/o | partition |
| pleur/o | pleura, rib |
| pneum/o, pneumon/o | air way, lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| rhin/o | nose |
| sept/o | putrefying; wall, partition |
| sinus/o | cavity |
| thorac/o | chest, thorax |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| respiratio | "to breathe again" |
| respiratory system | brings oxygen (process of inhalation to diffusion) into the bloodstream, through which it it transported to all body cells and it also removes the waste product, carbon dioxide (diffusion to inhalation), from the blood and channels it outside the body. |
| respiration | the process of providing cells with oxygen |
| upper respiratory tract | when you inhale, air flows into the lungs after traveling through a series of chambers and tubes. it includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx |
| lower respiratory tract | consists of the trachea in the neck and chest, the bronchial tree, which branches extensively throughout the lungs, alveoli, and the lungs themselves. |
| alveoli | tiny sacs within the lungs. |
| pulmonologist | lung disease treated by a pulmonary specialist |
| ENT Specialist/ Otolaryngologist | a disease of the pharynx is treated by them |
| oncologist | specialist that treats cancer |
| eu- | normal, good |
| epi- | upon, over, above, on top |
| dys- | bad, abnormal, painful, difficult |
| orth/o | straight |
| -algia | condition of pain |
| -capnia | condition of carbon dioxide |
| -dynia | condition of pain |
| -emia | condition of blood |
| -oxia | condition of oxygen |
| -phonia | condition of sound or voice |
| -pnea | breath |
| -ptysis | to cough up |
| -rrhagia | abnormal discharge |
| -spasm | sudden involuntary muscle contraction |
| -staxis | dripping |
| anoxia | the absence of oxygen |
| aphonia | the absence of voice |
| apnea | a longer-than-normal pause between breaths |
| sleep apnea | one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths occur while sleeping. |
| bradypnea | an abnormal slowing of the breathing rhythm |
| bronchospasm | a narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny tubes known as bronchioles within the lungs |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing and apnea. it is a sign of brain dysfunction or congestive heart failure. |
| dysphonia | symptom of a hoarse voice "bad voice" |
| dyspnea | a symptom of difficult breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder. |
| eupnea | a normal breathing rhythm |
| epistaxis | "dripping upon." can be a sign of high blood pressure, a nasal sinus infection, inhalation of a toxic irritant or particle, or a blow to the face. also called rhinorrhagia, "abnormal discharge of the nose" |
| hemoptysis | the symptom of coughing up and spitting up blood |
| hemothorax | "chest blood." pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs. |
| hypercapnia | excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood |
| hypocapnia | carbon dioxide blood levels are deficient, or abnormally low |
| hyperpnea | the sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing. common among patients suffering from the respiratory disease, emphysema. also a sign or heart failure. |
| hyperventilation | the sign of abnormally rapid breathing is more common among patients experiencing anxiety (panic). |
| hypopnea | abnormally shallow breathing |
| hypoventilation | a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body gas exchange demands |
| hypoxemia | abnormally low levels of oxygen in the blood is a sign of respiratory deficiency |
| hypoxia | sign of abnormally low levels of oxygen throughout the body |
| laryngospasm | the closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat. |
| orthopnea | the limited ability to breathe when lying down and becomes relieved when sitting upright. |
| paroxysm | a sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or a convulsion |
| paroxymos | greek word "to sharpen or to irritate" |
| sputum | an expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter |
| tachypnea | rapid breathing |
| thoracalgia | the symptom of pain in the chest region. also called thoracodynia. |
| a- | without, absence of |
| atel/o | incomplete |
| carcin/o | cancer |
| coccidioid/o | Coccidioides immitis (a fungus) |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyst/o | bladder, sac |
| embol/o | plug |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| glott/o | opening into the windpipe |
| myc/o | fungus |
| pharyng/o | throat, pharynx |
| py/o | pus |
| sphyx/o | pulse |
| sten/o | narrow |
| tonsill/o | almond, tonsil |
| tubercul/o | little swelling |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -ectasis | expansion, dilation |
| -genic | pertaining to producing, forming |
| -ia | condition of |
| -ic | pertaining to |
| -ism | condition or disease |
| -itis | inflammation |
| -oma | tumor |
| -osis | condition of |
| asphyxia | the absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation "condition of without pulse" |
| asthma | a condition of the lungs that is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs. symptoms of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and frequent coughing during an episode. |
| astma | greek word that means "to pant" |
| asthmatic bronchitis | when asthma is complicated with bronchitis |
| atelectasis | trauma or disease disables the protective mechanism of the alveoli in the lungs from normally retaining a small amount of air, so they collapse, preventing air from entering. known as a collapsed lung. |
| bronchiectasis | a chronic, abnormal dilation (widening) of the bronchi. caused by a recurrent inflammation or infection of the airways, and is usually accompanied with an abundant, purulent sputum. |
| bronchitis | inflammation of the bronchi |
| -oles | tiny |
| bronchiolitis | when the bronchioles undergo inflammation. caused by either infection or allergies |
| acute bronchitis | associated with a respiratory tract infection |
| chronic bronchitis | caused by smoking, although allergies can cause this condition. |
| bronchogenic carcinoma | an aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi. known as lung cancer and includes tow major types: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). |
| bronchopneumonia | an acute inflammation disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli. caused by a bacterial infection that involves the bronchi and the soft tissue of the lungs, causing the alveoli to fill with fluid, leading to the loss of air space (lobar pneumonia) |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | a reduced flow of air to and from the alveoli in the lungs may be the result of chronic bronchitis or emphysema. it is a progressive disease that makes breathing very difficult and is primarily caused by by smoking tobacco products. |
| coccidioidomycosis | a fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs. also called valley fever. |
| coryza | the common cold is caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract, resulting in local inflammation. also called rhinitis. |
| koryza | greek word for runny nose |
| croup | a viral infectious disease that is relatively common among infants and young children produces a characteristic hoarse cough with. sound resembling the bark of a dog. also called laryngotracheobronchitis. |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | severe hereditary disease that is characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere. "condition of fibrous cysts (bladders)" causes difficulty breathing because of the dense mucus that obstructs the airways. |
| emphysema | a chronic lug disease characterized by the symptoms of dyspnea, a chronic cough, formation of a barrel chest due to labored breathing, and a gradual deterioration caused by chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia. caused by smoking, COPD, and chronic bronchitis |
| epiglottitis | inflammation of the epiglottis. caused by a bacterial infection that spreads from the throat to the epiglottis and can be very serious in children due to danger of airway obstruction. |
| laryngitis | inflammation of the larynx. characterized by the symptom of dysphonia |
| legionellosis | a form of pneumonia that is caused by the bacterium Legionella Pnuemophilia is called Legionnaires' Disease. |
| nasopharyngitis | inflammation of the nose and pharynx. caused by an allergic reaction or bacterial or viral infection |
| pertussis | an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx., trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing. known as whooping cough. preventable with childhood vaccine DTaP |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of the pharynx. also known as a sore throat. |
| pleural effusion | effusion refers to the leakage of fluid. fluid leaks into the pleural cavity. it usually occurs as a response by the body to injury or infection of the pleural membranes. |
| pleuritis | inflammation of the pleural membranes. also called pleurisy. |
| pneumoconiosis | inflammation of the lungs, when caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles. "condition of dusty lungs" caused by mining and manufacturing activities. it leads to the formation of. a fibrotic tissue around alveoli, reducing air flow=no gas exchange |
| pneumonia | inflammation of soft lung tissue (excluding the bronchi) that results in the formation of an exudate (fluid) within the alveoli. sometimes known as "drowning in your own fluids" caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens |
| pneumonitis | an inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause. often associated with pulmonary edema, which is the accumulation of fluids within the lungs |
| pneumothorax | the abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity. caused by a penetrating injury to the chest or severe coughing and leads to atelectasis. |
| pulmonary edema | the accumulation of fluid within the lungs is a response to infection or injury. the most common cause is cardiovascular disease, including congestive heart failure and possibly ARDS. associated with pneumonia and pneumonitis. |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | a blockage in the pulmonary circulation by a blood clot. it is a complication to an injury or surgery elsewhere in the body. |
| pyothorax | the presence of pus in the pleural cavity. also known as empyema. |
| respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) | a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure. has two forms: neonatal and adult/ acute. |
| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity. |
| severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) | severe, rapid-onset viral infection resulting in respiratory distress that includes acute lung inflammation, alveolar damage, & atelectasis. caused by a virus & can become fatal. due to aggressive immunological response that injures alveoli & bronchioles. |
| sinusitis | inflammation of the mucous membranes. it affects the nasal cavity & paranasal sinuses that are located within the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and maxillary bones of the skull. similar to rhinitis. |
| tonsillitis | inflammation of one or more tonsils |
| tracheitis | inflammation of the trachea. caused by a bacterial infection that ravels downward from the larynx |
| tracheostenosis | inflammation leads to a narrowing of the trachea |
| tuberculosis (TB) | infection of the lungs by the bacterium Mycobacterium Tuberculosis. "condition of a little swelling." a colony of bacteria within the soft tissue of the lungs that form a hard barrier, preventing white blood cells from entering and destroying the bacteria |
| upper respiratory infection (URI) | a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx) |
| pleuropneumonia | a disease of inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lungs |
| asbestos | form of pneumoconiosis which is caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers |
| silicosis | form of pneumoconiosis which is caused by inhalation of fine silicone dust. |
| embolus | a blood clot that moves along with the bloodstream, derived from greek word embolos "a plug" |
| embolism | an embolus can become dangerous if it lodges in a blood vessel, causing an occlusion that blocks the flow of blood to form an embolism. |
| neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) | it is caused by insufficient surfactant, a substance produced by alveolar cells that prevents atelectasis (lung collapse). occurs in premature infants because they have not yet developed the ability to produce surfactant |
| adult (or acute) respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) | caused by severe lung infections or injury that result in damage to lung capillary walls and bronchioles, causing a rapid accumulation of purulent fluid into alveoli and bronchioles that places the patient in immediate danger of drowning in their fluids |
| acute rhinitis | clinical term for a common cold |
| anti- | against, opposite of |
| endo- | within |
| aden/o | gland |
| angi/o | blood vessel |
| bronch/o | airway, bronchus |
| dilat/o | to widen |
| ot/o | ear |
| spir/o | breathe |
| -al | pertaining to |
| -ary | pertaining to |
| -centesis | surgical puncture |
| -ectomy | surgical excision, removal |
| -gram | a record or image |
| -graphy | recording process |
| -ion | process |
| -logist | one who studies |
| -meter | measure, measuring instrument |
| -metry | measurement, process of measuring |
| -oid | resembling |
| -plasty | surgical repair |
| -scopy | process of viewing |
| -stomy | surgical creation of an opening |
| -tomy | incision, to cut |
| acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB) | a clinical test performed on sputum to identify he presence of bacteria hat react to acid. frequently used with chest x-rays to confirm a diagnosis of tuberculosis. |
| adenoidectomy | the removal of an adenoid, which is a pharyngeal tonsil |
| antihistamine | a therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamines |
| histamines | a compound released by certain cells in response to allergens. they cause bronchial constriction and blood vessel dilation. |
| arterial blood gases (ABGs) | a clinical test on arterial blood to identify the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide |
| aspiration | a procedure that is the removal of fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction to clear the airway of obstructions |
| aspiratus | latin word "to breathe on" |
| auscutlation | a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope. |
| ausculto | latin word "to listen to" |
| bronchodilation | a procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways in an effort to stop bronchial constriction, thereby allowing the patient to breathe easier. |
| bronchography | the x-ray imaging of the bronchi |
| bronchogram | the x-ray image of the bronchi and it uses a contrast medium to highlight the bronchial tree. |
| bronchoscopy | the evaluation of the bronchi using a flexible fiber-optic tube mounted with a small lens at one end and attached to an eyepiece and computer monitor at the other end. |
| bronchoscope | the instrument is a modified endoscope, which is inserted through the nose to observe the trachea and bronchi. |
| chest CT scan | diagnostic imaging of the chest by a computed tomography (CT) instrument. the procedure is used to diagnose respiratory tumors, pleural effusion, pleuritis, and other diseases by providing 3-D images of the thoracic cavity. |
| chest x-ray (CXR) | an x-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other conditions of the lungs. also called chest radiography |
| CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) | a device that is commonly used to regulate breathing during sleep as a treatment for sleep apnea. the CPAP machine includes a mask that fits over the mouth and nose, or just the nose, and gently blows air to encourage rhythmic breathing. |
| ears, nose, and throat specialist (ENT) | a physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease |
| endotracheal | insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose of mouth is called endotracheal intubation. it is performed to open the airway or, if the patient is comatose, to keep the airway open. |
| expectorant | a drug that breaks up mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel th mucus |
| expectoro | latin word "spit out of the chest" |
| incentive spirometry | a valuable postoperative breathing therapy. it involves the use of a portable spirometer to promote deeper breathing to improve lung expansion after an operation. usually self-administered, helps to reduce pulmonary complications and correct atelectasis |
| inhaler | a small handheld device containing a prescription medicine, that delivers a specific dosage of aerosolized medicine for inhalation to open the bronchial airways. self-administered response to asthma. |
| controller inhaler | used regularly to help prevent asthma symptoms by controlling lung inflammation |
| rescue inhaler | used to stop asthma symptoms once they have begun |
| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the larynx. often required as a treatment for laryngeal cancer and is usually followed by training or insertion of a device to enable the patient to communicate orally. these patients have a permanent tracheostomy |
| laryngoscope | a diagnostic procedure that uses a modified endoscope to visually examine the larynx. |
| laryngotracheotomy | a surgical incision into the larynx and trachea is usually performed to provide a secondary opening for inspiration and expiration, allowing air to bypass the upper respiratory tract. |
| lobectomy | surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung is sometimes required as a treatment for lung cancer, if the tumor is isolated in one lobe. |
| mechanical ventilation | a medical treatment to provide supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress. provides assisted breathing using a ventilator, which pushes air into the patients airway. |
| nebulizer | a device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the aid of deep inhalation |
| nebula | latin word "fog" |
| oximetry | the procedure that measures oxygen levels in the blood using an instrument called an oximeter. |
| pulse oximeter | a small, handheld oximeter that provides a digital readout of oxygen levels by noninvasive physical contact with a finger. |
| pleurocentesis (also known as thoracentesis) | a diagnostics procedure that is the surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity. after aspiration, the fluid is analyzed fro the presence of bacteria and white blood cells, the presence of which indicates pleuritis. |
| pneumonectomy | surgical removal of a lung. it is performed as a radical treatment for lung cancer, in which tumors have progressed throughout the lung |
| pulmonary angiography | a diagnostic procedure that evaluates the blood circulation of the lungs. x-ray images are taken of the lungs following the injection of a contrast medium into the pulmonary circulation. "recording of blood vessel pertains to the lung" |
| pulmonary function tests (PFTs) | a series of diagnostic tests performed to determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through the use of spirometry. |
| spirometry | breathing into a tube that is connected to an instrument. measures tidal volume and vital capacity. |
| tidal volume (TV) | measures the amount of air inhaled and exhaled after a normal breathing cycle. |
| vital capacity (VC) | the amount of air inhaled and exhaled during a forced expiration |
| pulmonologist | a physician specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting the lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs. |
| resuscitation (CPR) | an emergency procedure that is used to rest breathing. uses chest compressions with the patient lying supine (on the back). |
| rhinoplasty | the surgical repair of the nose |
| septoplasty | deviation of the nasal spetum is corrected to improve breathing |
| TB skin test (also called PPD skin test and Mantoux skin test) | a simple skin test to determine the presence of a tuberculosis infection. during the test a purified protein derivative sample of the TB bacillus is infected beneath the epidermis. a red skin lesion at the injection site days later indicates exposure. |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture using a needle and syringe into the thoracic cavity to aspirate pleural fluid for diagnosis or treatment. used to treat pleural effusion |
| thoracostomy | surgical puncture into the chest cavity, usually for the insertion of a drainage or air tube. "placing a chest tube" |
| thoracotomy | surgical incision into the chest wall. |
| tracheoplasty | surgical repair of the trachea |
| tracheostomy | surgical creation of an opening into the trachea, usually for the insertion of a breathing tube. |
| tracheotomy | surgical incision into the trachea is a required of a tracheostomy. it is the surgical incision |
| ventilation-perfusion scanning (V/Q scan and lung scan) | a diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine, or the use of radioactive material, to evaluate pulmonary function. it can identify pulmonary edema and pulmonary embolism. |
Created by:
lestercd
Popular Medical sets