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Bone and Joint
LONG
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Fibrillations | DJD deep cleft |
| Eburnation | DJD total loss of cartilage |
| Subchondral Cysts | DJD destruction of bone beneath cartilage |
| Osteophytes | DJD bony outgrowths that limit motion if they come in contact with one another |
| Pannus | RA inflammatory synovium with proliferation that encroaches on the articular cartilage and erodes it |
| ankylosis | RA when the joint space is obliterated and the bones fuse |
| main areas affected by DJD | hip, knee, vertebra, hands |
| Main area affected by RA | many tissue as it is a chronic systemic inflammation but mostly the joints |
| cartilage ECM is made of | Type II and aggregans |
| how do you degeneration of the cartilage | loss of aggregans greater than synth |
| ADAMST5 | Protease that degrades Agglacans and erodes cartilage in response to cytokine stimulation |
| Gout | monosodium nitrate |
| Pseudogout | Calcium Phosphate dihydrate |
| Osteomalasia | Defect in bone mineralization (Adults undermineralize Children - abnormal growth Rickets) usually nutritional or abnormal Vit D production |
| Osteoporosis | Net rate of absorption exceeds rate of formation NORMAL MINERALIZATION degeneration of architecture |
| Osteopenia | Decreased Bone Mass |
| Degenerative Disk Disease | the annulus weakens and the nucleus pulpusus desiccates compressing the sciatica |
| when is annular fissure seen | in up to 30% of normals |
| what determines the amout of osteoclastogenesis | the amount of RANKL and Osteoprotegerin |
| RANKL Does? | binds to RANK resulting in osteoclasts |
| Osteoprotegerin does ? | also made by osteoblasts it binds RANKL and prevents it from binding to RANK |
| types of osteoporosis | I II and Idiopathic |
| Type 1 osteo | usually post menopausal women with loss of estrogen or testosterone more response and recruitment of osteoclasts and damage to the trabecular bone |
| Type II osteo | normal with agin in men and women fewer osteoblast result in trabecular and cortical loss of bone |
| cordoroy vertebrae | when you have advanced osteoporosis you lose horizontal trabeculae and the verticals thicken |
| wedging | when the anterior portion of the vertebrae is lost more than the post can result in kyphosis |
| Bone densometry | bone mineral density or bone mineral content per area |
| DXA | dual X ray absorbitry to measure bone density |
| bisphosphatate | stops osteoclasts by binding to a crystal |
| calcitonin | reduced reabsorption of the bone |
| Padget's | osteitis deformans - destruction of bone with formation of new bone forming mosaic pattern (resorption and formatino) |
| bones involved in Padgets | pelvis, skull, femur, spine, tibia |
| what happens to the cortex in padget's disease | thickened but not strengthened |
| Severe deformity in weight bearing bones that appears after 40 | Padgets |
| Stages of Padgets | Osteolytic, Osteoclastic/blastic, Osteosclerotic |
| symptoms of Padgets | most are asymptomatic |
| Complications of Padgets | 1) fractures, Hemodynamic changes, Sarcoma (more aggressive than normal) in 1% |
| what is Osteopetrosis | defective Osteoclast |
| Osteonecrosis | Infarct of the bone usually in the head of the femur that leads to subchondral fracture (collapse of the cartilage over it) |
| what does the body do with osteonecrosis | tries to repair but never gets the contour right but can relieve symptoms |
| what is elevated with Padgets | serum alkaline phasphatase |
| is padgets inherited | yes |
| Osteomyelitis | inflammation of the bone and marrow usually pyogenic (s. aureus) and mycobacteria |
| what percent of Osteonecrosis is bilateral | 40-80% |
| Complete fracture | entire width of the bone |
| Closed fracture | skin over bone is intact |
| Compound fracture | Fractured bone pierces the skin |
| Comminuted | broken bone in a number of pieces |
| Displaced | two bone ends are separated from one another |
| Stress fracture | Accumulation of stress induced microfractures that eventually result in a true one |
| Greenstick Fractures | only one side breaks and the bone bends (in children with flexible bones) |
| compression fraction | push into each other vertically |
| spiral fracture | twists from skiing |
| Fibrous cortical defect | NOT a neoplasm found in 20-50 percent of normal kids if it becomes large it can lead to fractures will go away by the time they are teenagers |
| most common skeletal malignancy | metastasis |
| radiology of a malignant bone neoplasm | benign - slcerotic rim of reactive bone around periphery Malignant fast growth with no layer of reactive bone and often destroys all the way through the cortex |
| treatment for bone cancer | radiation and chemo most live more than 5 years |
| most common primary malignant neoplasm | osteosarcomma |
| osteosarcoma | most common in young men |
| cartilaginous tumor | malignant - chondrosarcoma |
| Ewing's sarcomma | common in the young almost all have translocation(11;22) |
| Ewig's sarcomma is also known as? | primitive neuroectodermal tumor |
Created by:
jmuame03
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