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Chapter 9
The nervous system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The functional division of the nervous system that is also called the visceral nervous system | Autonomic nervous system |
| The functional system of the nervous system that controls skeletal muscles | Somatic nervous system |
| The system that promotes the fight-or-flight response | Sympathetic nervous system |
| The system that stimulates the activity of the digestive tract | Parasympathetic nervous system |
| The structural division of the nervous system that includes the brain | CNS ( Central Nervous System ) |
| The structural division of the nervous system that includes the cranial nerves | Peripheral Nervous system |
| A nerve cell fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body | Axon |
| The part of a neuron that receives a stimulus | Dendrite |
| The sheath around some neuron fibers that aids in regeneration | Neurilemma |
| A gap in the neuron sheath | Node |
| The portion of the spinal cord made up of myelinated axons | White matter |
| The scientific name for a nerve cell | Neuron |
| A bundle of nerve fibers located outside the CNS | Nerve |
| A bundle of nerve fibers located inside the CNS | Tract |
| Neurons that conduct impulses towards the brain | Afferent neurons |
| Neurons that conduct impulses away from the brain | Efferent neurons |
| The coating of individual nerve fibers | Endoneurium |
| The coating of an entire nerve | Epineurium |
| 5 functions of neuroglia | 1. Protects and nourish tissue 2. Supports nerve tissue and binds it to other structures 3. Aid in repair of cells 4. Act as phagocytes to remove pathogens and impurities 5. Regulates the composition of fluids around and between cells |
| The step in which the membrane potential returns to rest | Repolarization |
| The ion that crosses the neuron membrane to cause depolarization | Na+ |
| The result of positive ions entering the neuron | Depolarization |
| A sudden change in membrane potential that is transmitted along axons | Action potential |
| The ion that leaves the neuron to cause repolarization | K+ |
| 3 Examples of neurotransmitters | Adrenaline, norepinephrine, acetylcholine |
| Binds norephinephrine | Adrenergic receptors |
| Binds acetycholine and induces muscle contraction | Nicotinic receptor |
| Acetycholine receptor found on effector organs of the parasympathetic system | Muscarinic recptor |
| Degeneration of nerves supplying the extremities | Peripheral neuritis |
| A disease associated with the destruction of myelin sheaths | multiple sclerosis |
| Paralysis of one arm | monoplegia |
| A viral disease resulting in paralysis | poliomyelities |
| A viral disease caused by herpes zoster | Shingles |
| Loss of sensation and motion in the lower part of the body | Paraplegia |
| A disease associated with selective destruction of motor neurons | Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
| lemma | sheath |
| para | beyond |
| tetra | four |
| soma | body |
| hemi | half |
| plegia | paralysis |
| neur/i | nerve, nervous tissue |
| de | remove |
| aut/o | self |
| post | after |
| T or F- Action potentials occur in axon regions surrounded by myelin. | False |
| T or F- Action potentials transition is faster in myelinated neurons. | True |
| T or F- Action potentials occur at nodes. | True |
Created by:
zifkokat003
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