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CH 9 Intro A & P
Mini Glossary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| alveolar capillary membrane | gas-exchange structure that contains the alveoli and the capillaries surrounding the alveoli |
| alveoli | air sacs in the lungs from which gas is exchanged with the capillaries |
| bronchioles | the thin-walled branches of the bronchi; the smallest air-conducting passageways of the bronchi. The terminal bronchioles conduct a small amount of gas exchange in the respiratory zone. |
| cardiopulmonary system | the collective name for the respiratory and cardiovascular systems; these systems work together to conduct gas exchange |
| conchae | three uneven, scroll-like nasal bones that extend down through the nasal cavity |
| epiglottis | a flap of cartilaginous tissue that covers the opening to the trachea; diverts food and liquids to the esophagus during swallowing |
| larnyx | a triangular-shaped space inferior to the pharynx that is responsible for voice production; the voice box |
| mediastinum | the area of the thoracic cavity between the lungs; houses the heart, great blood vessels, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, thymus gland, and other structures |
| nares | the two openings in the nose through which air enters; nostrils |
| olfactory receptors | sensory cells in the olfactory region that provide the sense of smell |
| palate | the structure consisting of hard and soft components that separates the oral and nasal cavities; the roof of the mouth |
| pharynx | the muscular passageway the extends from the nasal cavity to the mouth and connects to the esophagus; the throat |
| pleural sac | the thin, double-walled serous membrane that surrounds the lungs |
| pores of Kohn | small openings in the alveolar walls that allow gases and macrophages to travel between the alveoli |
| primary bronchi | the two passageways that branch off the trachea and lead to the right and left lungs |
| sinuses | the air-filled cavities that surround the nose |
| surfactant | a phospholipid that reduces the surface tension in the alveoli and prevents them from collapsing |
| thyroid cartilage | the largest |
| tonsils | clusters of lymphatic tissue in the pharynx that function as the first line of defense against infection |
| trachea | the air tube the extends from the larynx into the thorax, where it splits into the right and left bronchi; the windpipe |
| central chemoreceptor | a chemical receptor cell that monitors changes in the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid in an effort to regulate carbon dioxide levels and respiration |
| expiration | the process by which air is expelled from the lungs; exhalation |
| expiratory reserve volume | the additional amount of air that can be exhaled, or forced from the lungs, immediately after a normal exhalation |
| external respiration | the process by which gas exchanged occurs between the alveoli in the lungs and the pulmonary blood |
| forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) | the amount of air that a person can expire in one second |
| force expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) | the overall expiratory power of the lungs |
| functional residual capacity (FRC) | the amount of air that remain in the lungs after a normal expiration; ERV + RV |
| Hering-Breuer reflex | an involuntary impulse triggered by stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli that halts inspiration and initiates exhalation |
| inspiration | the process by which air flows into the lungs; inhalation |
| inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) | the amount of air that can be inhaled immediately after a normal inhalation |
| internal respiration | the process of gas exchange between the tissues and arterial blood |
| mechanoreceptors | chemical receptor cells that detect muscle contraction and force generation during exercise; they quickly increase respiration rates when exercise begins |
| peripheral chemoreceptors | sensory receptor cells located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are sensitive to changes in blood oxygen level |
| pulmonary ventilation | the process of continuously moving air in and out of the lungs |
| residual volume (RV) | the volume of air that never leaves the lungs, even after the most forceful expiration |
| respiration | the process by which the lungs provide oxygen to body tissues and dispose of carbon dioxide; breathing |
| respiratory gas transport | the process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are transported to and from the lungs and tissues |
| tidal volume (TV) | the amount of air inhaled in a normal breath |
| total lung capacity (TLC) | a combination of the vital capacity plus the residual volume; IRV + TV + ERV + RV |
| vital capacity (VC) | the total amount of air that can be forcibly expired from the lungs after a maximum inspiration |
Created by:
cwarsing
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