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Chapter Five:
The Skeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Axial Skeleton | The bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body |
| Appendicular Skeleton | The bones of the limbs and girdles |
| Compact Bone | Dense and looks smooth and homogeneous |
| Spongy Bone | Composed of small needle-like pieces of bones and lots of open space |
| Diaphysis | Shaft, makes up most of the bone's length and is composed of compact bone |
| Periosteum | A fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers and protects the diaphysis |
| Epiphyses | The ends of the long bone --- consists of a thin layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone |
| Osteocytes | The mature bone cells that are found in tiny cavities within the lacunae (matrix) |
| Ossification | The process of bone formation that involves two major phases |
| Osteoblasts | Bone-forming cells that completely cover the hyaline cartilage model |
| Osteoclasts | Giant bone-destroying cells in bones --- break down bone matrix and release calcium ions into the blood |
| Fracture | A break |
| Reduction | The realignment of the broken bone ends |
| Hematoma | A blood-filled swelling formed after a bone breaks |
| Styloid Process | A sharp, needle-like projection, is just inferior to the external auditory |
| Fontanels | Fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones |
| Intervertebral Disc | Pads of flexible fibrocartialage that separate the vertebrae --- cushion the vertebrae and absorb shocks while allowing the spine flexibility |
| Synarthroses | Immoveable joints |
| Amphiarthrosis | Slightly movable joints |
| Diarthroses | Freely movable joints |
| Bursae | Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing a thin film of synovial fluid |
| Arthritis | Describes over one hundred different inflammatory or degenerative diseases that damage the joints |
| Osteoporosis | A bone-thinning disease that afflicts half of women over sixty-five and some twenty percent of men over the age of seventy --- makes the bones so fragile that even a hug or a sneeze can cause bones to fracture |
Created by:
sarah23me1
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