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CARDIOVASCULAR MEDS
Pharmacology for Health Professionals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| PULMONARY MEDICATIONS Most pulmonary (lung) medications are designed to make breathing (ventilation) easier by: | 1. Bronchodilation. 2. Reducing inflammation. |
| Bronchodilation means | increased diameter (lumen) of the bronchi (airways) and bronchioles (small airways) |
| Medications that cause bronchodilation are called | bronchodilators |
| Medications that reduce inflammation include | 1. SAIDS which stands for steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs 2. NSAIDS which stands for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. |
| Respiratory diseases treated with bronchodilators and/or SAIDS include: | 1. Asthma. 2. Emphysema 3. Chronic bronchitis |
| Asthma, emphysema and chronic bronchitis belong to a group of respiratory diseases abbreviated COPD which stands for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| Chronic means | persistent |
| Many pulmonary (lung) medications are administered (given) by inhalation (INH) via (by) MDI which stands for | metered-dose inhaler |
| The dosage (amount) of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is measured in | puffs |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | Maxair |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | Atrovent |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | Dulera |
| Bronchodilators increase airway diameters (lumina) which means | distance across the center of bronchi (airways) and bronchioles (small airways). |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | Serevent |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | aminophylline |
| Elixophyllin and Theo-Dur and Theobid and TheoDur and Theolair | aka theophylline "theo" |
| Elixophyllin and Theo-24 and Theobid and Theo-Dur and Theolair have a NTI which stand for | narrow therapeutic index |
| The generic name for Elixophyllin and Theo-24 and Theobid and Theo-Dur and Theolair is | theophylline ("theo') |
| Medications with a NTI (narrow therapeutic index) may require TDM | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Medications classified as bronchodilators include: | Proventil and Ventolin and ProAir aka albuterol. |
| A medication classified as a bronchodilator is called | Asthmanefrin aka epinephrine |
| Asthma is a COPD which stands for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. |
| Bronchodilator toxicity (poisoning) can occur if combined with | caffeine |
| Caffeine can be found in | 1. Coffee. 2. Tea 3. Some sodas (dark sodas) 4. Some medications |
| Leukotrienes are inflammatory chemicals released by leukocyte (WBCs) that exacerbate (worsen) SAR which stands for | seasonal allergic rhinitis |
| seasonal allergic rhinitis aka | hayfever |
| Leukotrienes are inflammatory chemicals releasd by leukocytes (WBCs) that exacerbate: | asthma |
| A medication classified as a leukotriene blocker to reduce allergy related asthma is called | Singulair - leukotriene blocker |
| SAIDS stands for: | Steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| Steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs (SAIDS) are aka | corticosteroids |
| Medications described as SAIDS to reduce the incidence of asthma include: | 1. Asmanex. 2. Pulmicort |
| Medications classified as SAIDS to reduce the incidence of asthma include: | Azmacort |
| Medications classified as SAIDS to reduce the incidence of asthma include | Flovent - exception to the rule (vent looks like a bronchodilator) |
| Medications classified as bronchodilators and SAIDS to treat asthma include | 1. Symbicort 2. Advair 3. Combivent |
| A medication classified to treat asthma and emphysema is called | Spiriva - test question |
| A medication classified to treat chronic bronchitis and emphysema is called | Brovana - test question |
| Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are COPDs which stand for | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
| TUBERCULOSIS Tuberculosis (TB) is a: | pulmonary (lung) bacterial infection |
| Medications classified to treat tuberculosis (TB) are called | antituberculins |
| A medication classified as an antituberculin is called INH | aka isoniazid |
| Tuberculosis is a | pulmonary bacterial infection |
| A medication classified as an antiberculin is called | Rifadin aka rifampin |
| Rifadin (rifampin) is an antagonist for BCP which stands for | birth control pills |
| A medication classified as an antituberculin is called | Myambutol aka ethambutol |
| MDRTB stands for | multidrug resistant tuberculosis. |
| Treatment (Tx) for tuberculosis (TB) may require multiple QD (every day) antituberculin medications for | 6-9 months and sometimes longer |
| NICOTINE Medications containing nicotine to treat nicotine withdrawal symptoms are abbreviated NRT which stands for: | nicotine replacement therapy |
| A medication classified as NRT is called: | Habitrol |
| Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) contains nicotine and treats: | nicotine withdrawal symptoms |
| A medication classified as (NRT) is called: | NicoDerm |
| NicoDerm is a NRT which stands for | nicotine replacement therapy |
| A medication classified as NRT is called | Nicorette |
| A medication classified as NRT is called: | Nicotrol |
| Nicotrol NS is administered by: | nasal spray |
| A medication classified a a non-nicotine smoking cessation medication is called: | Chantix. Chantix does not contain nicotine. |
| A medication classified as a non-nicotine cessation (stopping) medication is called: | Zyban aka bupropion |
| A medication classified as a non-nicotine smoking cessation medication is called: | Catapres aka clonidine |
| Catapres is also classified as an | antihyperensive |
| Medications designed to lyse (break up) mucus in the lungs for easier expectoration (coughing up) are called: | mucolytics |
| A medication classified as a mucolytic is called | Mucomyst |
| Medications classified s immunization against pneumococcal pneumonia include: | 1. Pneumovax 23 2. Prevnar 13 |
| Immunizations are aka | vaccinations or inoculations |
| CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICATIONS Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart becomes a: | weak pump |
| Occurs means | happens |
| CHF causes a decrease in CO which stands for: | cardiac output |
| CHF causes an increase in HR which stands for: | heart rate |
| Medications classified to slow the heart rate and stimulate the myocardium to contract more forcefully include: | 1. Lanoxin. 2. Digitek 3. Lanoxicaps aka digoxin (dig) |
| Treatment for CHF commonly includes: | digoxin ("dig") |
| Lanoxin and Digitek and Lanoxicaps (digoxin) are also classified as: | antiarrhythmics |
| Lanoxin and Digetek and Lanoxicaps (digoxin) have a NTI which stands for: | narrow therapeutic index. |
| Lanoxin and Digitek and Lanoxicaps (digoxin) may require TDM which stands for: | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for digoxin is commonly called a | "dig level". |
| Absorption of digoxin ("dig") can be slowed with a | high fiber diet |
| Digoxin ("dig") is aka: | digitalis |
| Signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity include a: | yellow green halo around lights and bradycardia (slow heart rate) |
| Lanoxin and Digitek and Lanoxicaps are commonly administered with a medication classified as a diuretic called | Lasix aka furosemide |
| Diuretics cause polyuria which means: | excessive urine production |
| Lasix (furosemide) can cause hypokalemia which means | blood condition of deficient potassium |
| The abbreviation for potassium is | K |
| Potassium (K) is an electrolyte which means | salt |
| Potassium (K) is commonly measured in mEq which stands for: | milliequivalents |
| ANGINA Angina pectoris (AP) refers to thoracodynia (chest pain) caused by: | myocardial ischemia |
| Myocardial ischemia means: | starvation of oxygenated blood to the myocardium (muscle layer of the heart). |
| Medications classified to treat angina pectoris (AP) is called: | antianginals |
| Some antianginals cause the lumina of the coronary arteries to increase called: | vasodilation |
| Lumina | are inside diameters |
| Medications classified as antianginals include: | 1. Nitrostat and Nitro-Dur aka nitroglycerin |
| Nitroglycerin is abbreviated | NTG |
| Nitroglycerin (NTG) is commonly administered: | a. SL which stands for sublingual. b. IV which stands for intravenous. c. Transderman which means through the skin. |
| A medication classified as an antianginal is called | 2. Isordil aka isosorbide (sore heart) |
| Isordil (isosorbide) and nitroglycerin (NTG) can cause life-threatening hypotension (low blood pressure) if combined with medications to treat erectile dysfunction such as: | a. Viagra b. Cialis c. Levitra |
| HYPERTENSION Chronic hypertension (HTN) means: | persistent high blood pressure (HBP) |
| Cardiac pathology caused by chronic HTN is abbreviated HHD which stands for: | Hypertensive heart disease. |
| Chronic persistent HTN of unknown cause is called: | primary hypertension or essential hypertension or idiopathic hypertension |
| Medications classified to treat chronic hypertension are called: | antihypertensives |
| Medications classified as antihypertensives include: | Prinivil and Zestril aka lisinopril |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called: | Diovan aka valsartan |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called | Avapro aka irbesartan |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called | Cozaar aka losartan |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called: | Benicar aka olmesartan |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called: | Hyzaar |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called: | Minipres |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called | Capoten |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called | Lotensin |
| A medication classified as an antihypertensive is called: | Hytrin |
| Most medication names that end in -olol are called | beta blockers |
| Beta blockers reduce the HR which stands | heart rate |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive is called | Tenormin aka atenolol |
| Beta blockers reduce the force of cardiac contractions and are commonly administered to treat: | AP which stands for angina pectoris. |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and hypertensive is called | Lopressor aka metoprolol |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive is called: | Corgard aka nadolol |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive is called: | Cardene aka nicardipine |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive is called; | Procardia aka nifedipine. |
| ARRHYTHMIA Arrhythmia means condition of | no rhythm |
| Arrhythmias are aka | dysrhythmias |
| Arrhythmias are abnormalities (anomalies) in the conduction of cardiac (heart) | electrical impulses (signals) |
| Conduction means | transmission (movement) |
| Medications classified to treat arrhythmias are called | antiarrhythmics |
| Arrhythmias are aka | dysrhythmias |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic is called: | Calan aka verapamil |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic is called: | Cardizem aka diltiazem |
| A medication classified as an antianginal and antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic is called | Inderal aka propranolol |
| A medication classified as an antiarrhythmic is called | Norpace aka disopyramide |
| A medication classified as an antiarrhythmic is called: | Betapace |
| A medication classified as an antiarrhythmic is called | Rythmol |
| HYPERLIPIDEMIA Hyperlipidemia means | blood condition of excessive fat |
| Hyperlipidemia can cause abnormal condition of | arterial hardening called atherosclerosis |
| Atherosclerosis is associated with the: | consumption of harmful lipids called saturated fats. |
| Consumption of saturated fats is associated with CVD which stands for: | cardiovascular disease. |
| Harmful lipids (saturated fats) include: | a. Cholesterol (Chol) b. LDL - low density lipoprotein c. TG - triglycerides |
| Medications classified to lower the amount of fat in the blood are called | statins |
| A medciation classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Crestor |
| Antihyperlipidemics are aka | statins |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic (statin) is called | Zocor |
| Consumption of saturated fats is associated with CVD which stands for | cardiovascular disease |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Pravachol |
| Chol stands for | cholesterol |
| Cholesterol is one type of | saturated fat |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic ("statin") is called: | Vytorin |
| Antihyperlipidemics are classified to | lower the amount of fat in the blood. |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Lopid |
| Consumption of harmful lipids (saturated fats) is associated with CVD which stands for | cardiovascular disease |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Niaspan (niacin) is aka Vitamin B3 |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Trilipix |
| Saturated fats associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) include | TG which stands for triglycerides |
| A medication classified as an antihyperlipidemic is called | Zetia |
| Antihyperlipidemics are classified to | lower the amount of fat in the blood |
| The compound of Norvasc (amlodipine and Lipitor is called | Caducet |
| Compound means | combination |
| Norvasc (amlodipine) is classified as an | antianginal and antihypertensive |
| Lipitor is classified as an | antihyperlipidemic statin") |
| Antihyperlipidemic toxicity can occur if combined with | grapefruit juice |
| Toxicity means | poisening |
| Hypertriglyceridemia means | blood condition of excessive triglycerides TG) |
| An omega-3 fish oil classified as an antihypertriglyceridemic is called | Lovaza |
| Triglycerides (TG) are one type of | saturated fat (lipid) |
| Antihyperlipidemics may require periodic LFTs which stands for | liver function tests |
| Antihyperlipidemics can increase the risks of DM which stands for | diabetes mellitus |
| HEMATOLOGIC MEDICATIONS The ability of the blood to change from a liquid to a viscous (thick) mass 9accumulation is called | coagulation or clotting |
| Coagulation (clotting) produces viscous (thick) mass called a | thrombus aka a clot |
| Normal coagulation (clotting) should only occur (happen) in response to a wound or injury called | trauma |
| Abnormal thrombus (clot0 formation can lead to traveling clots called | emboli |
| An embolus (traveling clot) can occlude (obstruct) a stenosed (narrowed) artery causing starvation of oxygenated blood called | ischemia (ischemic) |
| Arterial occlusion not corrected will cause tissue necrosis called an | infarction |
| Common infarctions (infarcts) include | 1. MI which stand for myocardial infarction aka a heart attack or coronary. |
| Arteries can be occluded (obstructed) by a traveling clot called an | embolus |
| Common infarctions (infarcts) include: | 2. CVA which stands for cerebral vascular accident aka a stroke. |
| Infarction (infarct) means | tissue necrosis (death) from arterial occlusion (obstruction) |
| Common infarctions (Iinfarcts) include: | 3. PE which stands for pulmonary embolism. |
| Embolism means | traveling clot |
| Pulmonary means | lungs |
| Medications classified to decrease the creation (formation) of thrombi (clots) are called | anticoagulants |
| Laypeople call anticoagulants | blood thinners |
| Anticoagulants are commonly prescribed to reduce thrombus (clot) formation associated with the arrhythmia A-Fib which stands for | atrial fibrillation |
| Arrhythmias (dysrhythmias) are abnormalities (anomalies) in the conduction of cardiac (heart | electrical impulses (signals) |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | heparin |
| Heparin has a narrow therapeutic index (NTI) and requires TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| A medication classified as a heparin antagonist is called | protamine sulfate |
| Antagonist is aka | antidote |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Coumadin aka warfarin |
| Coumadin (warfarin) has a NTI and requires TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Plavix aka clopidogrel |
| Plavix (clopidogrel) has a NTI and requires | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Plavix (clopidogrel) is a common prophylaxis (preventative) for | a. Myocardial infarction. (MI), heart attack or coronary b. Cerebral vascular accident (CVA) c. . |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Persantine aka dipyridamole |
| Persantine (dipyridamole) has a NTI and requires TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| A medication classified an anticoagulant is called | ASA aka aspirin |
| Aspirin (ASA) does not require TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Lovenox |
| Lovenox does not require TDM which means | therapeutic drug monitoring. |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Pradaxa |
| Pradaxa does not require TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monioring |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Xarelta |
| Xarela does not require TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| A medication classified as an anticoagulant is called | Elequis |
| Elequis does not require TDM which stands for | therapeutic drug monitoring |
| Coagulation abnormalities can occur if ASA (aspirin) or Coumadin (warfarin) or Plavix (clopidogrel) are combined with | NSAIDS which stands for nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| A medication classified as a coagulant is called | Mephyton aka Vitamin K |
| Medications classified to break up thrombi (clots) are called | thrombolytics aka tPA |
| Laypeople call thrombolytics | clot busters |
| A medication classified as a thrombolytic (tPA) is called | Streptase aka streptokinase |
| Thrombolytic means | break up clots |
| A medication classified as a thrombolytic is called | Activase aka alteplase |
| The knowledge and skills to provide established treatment for life threatening medical emergencies is abbreviated | ACLS which means advanced cardiac life support |
| Emergency medications are commonly administered IVP which stands for | intravenous push |
| A large initial (beginning) dose of a medication to quickly reach the therapeutic index (TI) is called a | loading dose or bolus |
| A medication classified as a cardiac stimulant and bronchodilator is called | Adrenalin akda epinephrine or "epi" |
| A medication classified to treat severe bradycardia is called | atropine |
| Bradycardia means | slow heart (pulse) |
| A medication classified as an antiarrhythmic and local anesthetic is called | Xylocaine aka lidocaine |
| Anesthetic means pertaining to | no feeling or nervous sensation |
| Normal blood pH is | 7.35 - 7.45 |
| Blood pH < less than 7.35 is called | acidosis (acidotic) |
| Blood Ph >(greater than) 7.45 is called | alkalosis or (alkalotic) |
| A medication classified to treat acidosis is abbreviate NaHCO2 which stands for | sodium bicarbonate or "bicarb" |
| A medication classified as a cardiac stimulant is abbreviated CaCl which stands for | calcium chloride |
| Hypotension is aka | low blood pressure |
| Medications to treat severe hypotension (LBP) are called | vasopressors |
| A medication classified as a vasopressor is called | Adrenalin aka epinephrine |
| Adrenalin (epinephrine) is also classified as a | cardiac stimulant and bronchodilator |
| A medication classified as a vasopressor is called | Pitressin aka vasopressin |
| Vasopressors treat | severe hypotension (low blood pressure) |
| A medication classified as a vasopressor is called | dopamine |
| Medications classified to induce (start) vomiting are called | emetics |
| A medication classified as an emetic is called | syrup of ipecac |
| A medication classified to absorb toxic substances in the stomach is called | Actidose-Aqua aka activated charcoal |
| A medication classified as a narcotic agent is called | Narcan aka naloxone |
| Antagonist means | a medication or drug that deactivates another medication or drug |
| If no other route of administration is available, emergency medications can be administered via an ET which stands for | endotracheal tube |
| The acronym (first letters of the list) for medications that can be administered via an endotracheal tube spell NAVEL which stands for: | a. Narcan b. Atropine c. Vasopressin d. Epinephrine e Lidocaine.. |
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