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Psych development
Fundamanetal concepts
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| study of motor development | to observe changes in movement across the lifespan, then determine why these movements change |
| development is... | -Continuous Process of Change -related to age -involves sequential change |
| Motor development | continuous, age-related process of change in movement (more naturally |
| Motor Learning | relatively permanent gains in motor skill capability associated with practice or experience |
| Motor control | the study of the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects of movement |
| Physical growth | quantitative increase in size or magnitude |
| Maturation | advance in biological makeup |
| aging | the process that leads to loss of adaptability or full function and eventually to death |
| Newell's model | Movements arise from the interactions of the individual, environment, and task |
| Constraint | a characteristic of the individual, environment, or task that encourages some movements while discouraging others |
| Individual constraints | a person’s unique physical and mental characteristics |
| structural constraints (individual) | related to the body’s structure (Height, weight- physical growth takes more time ) |
| functional constraints (individual) | related to behavioral function (Motivation, self esteem – More subject to change) |
| Why is it important that we know whether someone’s movement is being shaped by structural or functional constraints? | -Better able to recognize deviance/difference -Depends on body issues or mental health -So you can modify the tasks |
| Environmental constraints | related to the world around us (surfaces, weather, crowd, location) |
| task constraints | include the goals and rule structure of a movement or activity (Basketball example: Goal = to score; Rules = include dribbling) |
| Imagine you are a physical educator or a coach. Knowing how height and body size change with growth, how would you adapt the game of basketball so the movement remain nearly the same during the growth years | -Lower the nets -Reduce court dimensions -Make a more appropriate environment -Body scaling |
| Skill acquisition | acquisition is a set of processes associated with practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in the capacity for movement |
| Learning-performance distinction | Refers to the well-established finding that performance measures during acquisition may mask the true degree of learning that has occurred |
| longitudinal research study | is where the same individual or group is observed performing the same tasks or behaviors on numerous occasions over a long time |
| cross-sectional research study | is where developmental change is inferred by observing individuals or groups of varying ages at one point in time |
| mixed-longitudinal, or sequential research study | several age groups are observed at one time or over a shorter time span, permitting observation of an age span that is longer than the observation period |
Created by:
rmart11
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