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Anatomy Chptr 22
Lymphoid System /Immunity
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 3 components of the lymphoid system? | 1.Lymph vessels aka lymphatics 2.lymph fluid 3. Lymph tissue: nodes and organs |
| Name the 4 lymph organs | Tonsils, Spleen, Thymus, appendix |
| Name 3 functions of the lymph system | 1.recovery of plasma that leaked out 2.homeostasis 3.immune function |
| Why are lymph vessels called blind ended? | They are closed at one end |
| How do lymph vessels differ from veins? | Lymphatics have thinner walls and more valves than veins |
| What kind of tissue is lymph tissue? | reticular |
| Where are the lymph nodes clusters? | axillary,cervical, pelvic |
| How is the lymph fluid cleaned? | by phagocytosis by the monocytes |
| What are lacteals? | lymph nodes in the intestines that transport fats into the blood |
| How are the left and right sides of the lyphatic system divided? | Right side: right side of head, neck, rt thorax and rt arm Left: everything else |
| How does Right side drain back to the blood? | All Rt lymphatic vessels drain into Rt. Lymphatic Duct and then empties into Rt Subclavian Vein |
| How does Left side of lymphatic system drain back to the blood? | legs and abdomen drain into the cisterna chyli,then into thoracic duct, then into left subclavian vein. |
| What is the difference between specific and non-specific immunity? | non specific immunity reacts the same against any type of agent. Specfic immunity involves makng a specific antibody against a specific antigen. |
| What are examples of non-specific immunity? | physical barriers like skin, secretions like tears saliva, stomach acid, phagocytes, inflammation, fever |
| What are 4 components of an inflammatory reaction? | pain (dolor), redness(rubor), swelling (tumor), heat(calor) |
| What are the 3 features of the specific immune system? | specificity, memory, recogition |
| What are the 2 types of vaccines? and how are they different? | 1.inactivated: dead proteins 2.attenuated: whole virus but weakened by heating |
| What is the difference between a primary and secondary immune response? | Primary:first time exposed to an antigen, takes time to respond and produce antibodies. Secondary: efficient and immediate response, will make more antibodies than first time. |
| What is an auto immune disease? | Immune systems attacks own cells |
| Name 2 autoimmunue diseases and what tissues they affect. | 1)Rheumatoid arthritis affects joints 2)Lupus erythromatosis: attacks RBC proteins |
| What is the structure of an immunglobin ? | 4 polypeptide chains, 2 heavy and 2 light forming a "Y" |
| What are the 5 types of Immunoglobins? | IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, IgD |
| Which antibody type is made during the primary immune response? | IgM |
| Which antibody type is made in the secondary immune responce? | IgG |
| Which antibody type can pass the placenta? | IgG |
| Which antibody type is found in secretions? | IgA |
| Which antibody type is involved in allergic reactions? | IgE |
| Which antibody type interacts with B cells? | IgD |
| What is an allergen? | Anything that causes an allergic reaction |
| What is anaphylaxic shock? | shock and possible death resulting from severe allergic reaction |
| What is the mechanism of an allergic reaction? | IgE is made in response to an allergen IgE binds to basophils -> mast cells Mast cells degranulate releasing histimine |
| What is the effect of histamine in allergies | causes blood vessels to dilate and constricts breathing passages |
| What is a wheal and flare reaction? | hives |
| What are the 2 types of specific immune responces? | Humoral and cell-mediated |
| What is humoral immunity? | antibody-mediated immunity. B lymphocytes respond to specific antigens in body fluids. Help T lymph activate B cell into a Plasma cell and produces antibodies |
| What is cell-mediated immunity? | T lymphocytes defend against abnormal cells (like cancer or transplants) and pathogens inside cells (like viruses) |
| What are T-suppressor cells? | inhibit antibody production |
| What are T-helper cells? | Help B cell turn into a plasma cell |
| What are T-killer cells? | aka cytotoxic T cells produce a toxin to destroy target cell |
| What are T memory cells? | remembers what foreign antigens its been exposed to before |
| Name 4 kinds of T cells | helper, killer, memory, suppressor |
| What is the difference between natural and artificial immunity? | Natural: you make antibodies on your own or get passively as in newborns. Artificial: you induce immunity by injecting serum or vaccine |
| What is the difference between genetic and acquired immunity? | Genetic (aka innate):naturally immune at birth ppl don't get goldfish diseases Acquired: not present at birth, develops after exposure to an antigen |
Created by:
karenanda
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