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Chapter Four:
Skin and Body Membranes
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Serous Fluid | A clear, watery fluid secreted by the cells of a serous membrane |
| Peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of the abdominal organs |
| Pleura | The serous membrane covering the lungs and lining the thoracic cavity |
| Pericardium | The membranous sac enveloping the heart |
| Keratin | A tough, insoluble protein found in tissues such as hair, nails, and epidermis of the skin |
| Epidermis | The outer layers of the skin; epithelium |
| Dermis | The deep layer of the skin; composed of dense, irregular connective tissue |
| Subcutaneous/Hypodermis | Beneath the skin |
| Keratinocytes | Epidermal cells that produce keratin |
| Stratum Basale "base layer" | The deepest cell layer of the epidermis |
| Stratum Spinosum "spiny layer" | Prickly layer found between the stratum granulosum and stratum basale |
| Stratum Lucidum "clear layer" | A thin, clear layer of dead skin cells in the epidermis named for its translucent appearance under a microscope |
| Stratum Corneum "horny layer" | The outermost layer |
| Melanin | The dark pigment synthesized bu melanocytes; responsible for skin color |
| Melanocytes | Cells that produce melanin |
| Papillary Layer | Upper dermal region |
| Dermal Papillae | Small, fingerlike projections from the dermis |
| Reticular Layer | The deepest skin layer |
| Skin Appendage | Skin-associated structures that serve a particular function including sensation, contractility, lubrication and heat loss |
| Sebum | The oily secretion of sebaceous glands |
| Sweat Gland | The glands that produce a saline solution called swear; also called sudoriferous glands |
| Eccrine Glands | The major sweat glands of the human body, found in virtually all skin, with the highest density in palm and soles, then on the head, but much less on the trunk and the extremities |
| Nail | A scalelike modification of the epidermis that corresponds to the hood or claw of other animals |
| Burn | Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV radiation (sunburn), or certain chemicals (such as acids) |
| 1st Degree Burn | Only the epidermis is damaged |
| 2nd Degree Burn | Injury to epidermis and upper region of dermis --- blisters appear |
| Partial-thickness Burn | First and second degree burns |
| 3rd Degree Burn | Destroy entire thickness of skin |
| Full-thickness Burn | Third-degree burn --- appears blanched or blackened |
| Apocrine glands | The less numerous type of sweat gland --- produces a secretion containing water, salts, and proteins |
| Sweat | A clear secretion that is primarily water plus some salts (sodium chloride), vitamin C, traces of metabolic wastes (ammonia, urea, uric acid), and lactic acid (a chemical that accumulates during vigorous muscle activity) |
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sarah23me1
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