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Nervous System
Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | composed of brain & spinal cord-integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory information & motor commands |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | spinal nerves & cranial nerves. bringing info in and taking info out |
| Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) | sympathetic & parasympathetic considered part of the PNS, controls involuntary body activities |
| neuron | main functional cell of the nervous system |
| cell body | part of a basic multipolar neuron, contains the nucleus and most organelles |
| Dendrites | part of a basic multipolar neuron, beaches that extends, detect messages & carry them to the cell body |
| axon | part of a basic multipolar neuron, carries action potentials carries messages away from cell body |
| action potential | electrical nerve messages |
| synapse (synaptic cleft) | area where a neuron communicates with another body cell or another neuron, a fluid filled gap between the presynaptic neuron and the postsynaptic |
| neurotransmitter | a messenger that can cross the synapse |
| norepinephrine | neurotransmitter used in the brain and autonomic nervous system excitatory (fight or flight) |
| dopamine | neurotransmitter can be used to prevent overstimulation of mm. in the limbic system, high levels can increase mood low levels decrease |
| serotonin | neurotransmitter increase/decrease moods, influence sleep and awake cycles |
| gamma-aminobutyric Acid (GABA) | neurotransmitter inhibitory effect in the brain and can decrease anxiety |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter stimulates mm contractions and is used in parasympathetic nervous system (rest & digest) bodily responds |
| glutamate | neurotransmitter main excitatory NT in brain |
| histamine | neurotransmitter triggers gastric acid secretion, allergies, sleep/awake cycles |
| sensory neurons | afferent, from body to CNS |
| motor neurons | efferent, from receptors in CNS to body |
| interneurons | association neurons, located in brain & spinal cord: allow sensory to communicate with motor |
| action potential | neuron sending a message |
| dura matter | brain/spinal meninges: outer layer, "hard mother" |
| arachnoid mater | brain/spinal meninges: middle layer, cushion/ shock absorber, spinal tap |
| pia matter | brain/spinal meninges: innermost layer, connected to the surface of the brain/spinal cord, thinnest/most delicate |
| dermatome | a specific bilateral area of the skin surface monitored by an single pair of spinal nerves |
| plexus | bundle of spinal nerves |
| cervical plexus | c1-c5, phrenic nerve |
| brachial plexus | c5-t1, axillary, radial, medial, musculocutanous & ulnar nerve |
| lumbar plexus | L1-L4, controls lower abdomen & legs |
| sacral plexus | L4-s4 sciatic nerve |
| brain stem | medulla oblongata, pons & mescencephalon |
| medulla oblongata | brain stem- lowest part, all messages must pass through, 5 of 12 cranial nerves attach here, fx: regulate heart rate, force of heart contraction, regulating distribution of blood flow, & rate of breathing |
| pons | brain stem- on top of MO, bridges cerebellum to other areas of the brain & SC, 4 of 12 cranial nerves connect here, fx: respiratory rhythm center, manages depth of breath & transition from inhale to exhale |
| mesencephalon (mid brain) | brain stem- on top of the pons, visual stimuli & generate visual & auditory responses, coordinates position of upper limbs, regulates basal nuclei & maintains consciousness |
| cerebellum | underside of the cerebrum, left & right hemisphere, receives proprioceptive impute from SC, monitors all proprioceptive, visual, tactile, balance, & audio sensations, assists in coordinating motor mvmts, adjusting postural mm, & maintains balance |
| diencephalon | sits atop brain stem |
| epithalamus | diencephalon- pineal gland, part of chorioid plexus |
| thalamus | diencephalon- relay center for sensory information and generates an emotional response to those stimuli |
| hypothalamus | diencephalon- vital activities: swallow, regulates hunger & thirst, body temp, heart rate & blood pressure, circadian rhythms, motor responses during heighten emotional state, regulates release of some hormones main control center of the ANS |
| cerebrum | largest area of the brain, 2 hemispheres divided into 4 lobes, |
| frontal lobe | cerebrum- primary motor cortex: controls all voluntary mvmts of skeletal mm, somatic motor association area: coordination of learned mvmt, broca's area: motor speech area-mm used in speaking, prefrontal cortex: intellectual reasoning |
| parietal lobe | cerebrum- primary sensory cortex & somatic sensory association area: *touch, taste, temperature, pressure, pain, vibration |
| temporal lobe | cerebrum- auditory & olfactory cortex, receives and processed hearing & smell |
| occipital lobe | cerebrum- visual cortex & visual association VISION |
| insula | cerebrum- gustatory cortex TASTE |
| Wernicke's area | cerebrum- general interpretive area, integrates all sensations handled by the parietal, temporal & occipital lobes |
Created by:
michellerolfs
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