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Muscular System
Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle | striated, voluntary, mutinucleanated |
| smooth muscle | in walls of hollow visceral organs, uninucleate, involuntary, |
| peristalsis | movement by squeezing |
| cardiac muscle | striated & involuntary, connected by INTERCALATED DISKS |
| sarcolemma | membrane of a mm cell |
| sarcoplasm | cytoplasms of a mm cell |
| Transverse Tubules (T-tubules) | passageways which run perpendicular to the mm fiber and penetrate deep inside the mm, act as a communication passageway to allow nerve action potentials |
| sarcoplasmic reticulum | a membrane that is formed that covers the external surface of the myofibril as it nears the T-tubule expanded chambers form called TERMINAL CISTERNAE |
| TERMINAL CISTERNAE | storage area for calcium ions |
| myofilaments | microscopic pieces pf protein which allow our mm to contract |
| Thin filament | type of myofilament composed of actin, has TROPOMYOSIN (binding sites) only allows attachment if Ca is present |
| Thick filament | bundle of myosin protein molecules twisted around a titian core, elongated head tail and wide head, |
| sarcomeres | repeating bundles of actin & myosin |
| Sliding filament model | steps involved in mm contraction, mm contraction occurs when the thing filament slides and overlaps the thick filament after 2 criteria are met: ATP is present & action potential from the nervous system is sent |
| acetylcholine (ACh) | neurotransmitter used in skeletal mm contraction, broken down by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at the end of mm movement |
| motor unit | the certain group of fibers w/in a mm that one motor neuron stimulates |
| mm contraction occurs when: 1-3 | 1. ACh is released by the motor neuron 2. Ach crosses the synaptic cleft & binds to the receptors on the sarcolemma of the mm cell transmitting the action potential to the cell 3. T-tubles spread the action potential throughout the mm fiber |
| mm contraction occurs when: 4-7 | 4. Ca2 is released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum & terminal cisternae 5. Ca2 goes to the thin filament and stimulates troponin 6. troponin removes tropomyosin & exposes binding sites 7. thick filament (myosin) energized by ATP binds |
| mm contraction occurs when: 8-10 | 8. thick pulls thin 9. more ATP binds to the myosin head & it detaches from the binding site 10. if ACh, Ca2 & ATP are still present more myosin heads will bind and pull again |
| twitch | a single-stimulus mm contraction-relaxation sequence in a mm fiber |
| complete tetanus | when repeated stimulus of the mm occurs before the relaxation phase begins -occurs in virtually all mm contractions |
| isotonic contraction | mm tension increased and mm length changes, movement of joints are visible |
| isotonic concentric contraction | mm tension (strength) exceeds the resistance and the mm shortens *biceps curl* |
| isotonic eccentric contraction | the mm tension is less than the resistance and the mm lengthens *lowering of the weight during a biceps curl* |
| isometric contraction | mm length does not change during contraction (pushing against a brick wall) |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| fast twitch fibers | "white meat" packed w/ myofibrils less mitochondria quick & powerful, less endurance |
| slow twitch fibers | "dark meat" better capillary network, more mitochondria, more endurance |
Created by:
michellerolfs
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