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chapter 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many characteristics of skeletal muscles are there? | 4 |
| Contractility | the ability to shorten with force |
| Excitability | the capacity to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length |
| Skeletal muscles is surrounded by what connective tissue? | epimysium |
| What connective tissue is located outside the epimysim? | fascia |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called what? | muscle fibers |
| Muscles fibers are surrounded by what loose connective tissue? | perimysium |
| What are the fasciculi composed of? | single muscle cells |
| What are the single muscles cells called? | fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by what connective tissue sheath? | endomysium |
| What is each fiber filled with? | myofibrils |
| What 2 major kinds of protein fibers do myofibrils contain? | actin & myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and mosin form ordered units called what? | sarcomeres |
| What is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | sarcomere |
| Each sarcomere extends from what to what? | Z line to Z line (disc) |
| The arrangement of what give banded appearance? | actin and myosin |
| What is on each side of the Z line? | I band |
| What is in the center of each sarcomere? | the H zone |
| What is the brief reversal back to the charge called? | action potential |
| What is the enlarged nerve terminal called? | presynaptic terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic and the muscle cell is called what? | synaptic cleft |
| What is the muscle fiber called? | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each presynaptic terminal contains what? | synaptic vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called what? | acetylcholine |
| What occurs when synaptic vessels cannot cross over? | paralysis |
| What is a contraction of an entire muscle called? | muscle twitch |
| What is the muscle fiber level called? | threshold |
| When a muscle fiber contracts maximally its called what? | all-or-none response |
| The time between application of a stimulus is called what? | lag phase |
| What is the time of contraction called? | contraction phase |
| When the muscle relaxes its called what? | relaxation phase |
| Where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units is called what? | recruitment |
| What is ATP? | adenosine triphosphate |
| What does ATP produce? | mitochondria |
| What does ATP degenerate? | ADP |
| What do muscle cells constantly produce? | ATP |
| What is anaerobic respiration? | without oxygen |
| What is aerobic respiration? | with oxygen |
| What is oxygen debt? | amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| When does muscle fatigue occur? | when ATP is used during muscle contractions faster than they can be produced |
| What is isometric? | the length of the muscle does not change |
| What is isotonic? | the amount of tension produced by the muscle |
| What is muscle tone? | refers to constant tension produced by muscle of the body for long periods of time |
| What are fast -twitch fibers? | contracts quickly and fatigue quickly? |
| What is slow- twitch fibers? | contract more slowly and are more resistant |
| What is the origin? | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| What is the insertion? | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| What is the belly? | the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| Some muscles have multiple what? | origins or head |
| Muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements are called? | synergist |
| Muscles that work against each other are called what? | antagonist |
| The muscle that plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement is called what? | prime mover |
| The A band extends to the length of what? | myosin |
| The combination of acetylcholine with its receptor causes what? | influx of sodium ions into the muscle fiber |
| What is the breakdown of acetylcholinesterase called? | enzymatic breakdown |
| What does the enzymatic breakdown ensure? | the neuron yields only one action potential in the skeletal muscle |
| Occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| mastication | chewing |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| intrinsic tongue muscles | change the shape of tongue |
| extrinsic tongue muscles | move the tongue |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
Created by:
tsmith7
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