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Pharm Ch 1-4
Pharmacology Clear and Simple Chapter 1-4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Synthetic drugs | can be created by genetic engineering or by altering animal cells. |
| Drugs fall into _________ categories of desired effects. | Six |
| Curative | cure or treat a problem |
| Example of curative | Penicillin used to treat strep throat |
| Prophylactic | Prevents a problem |
| Example of prophylactic | Vaccinations used to prevent measles, mumps, and rubella or Cefazolin used to prevent infections from surgery |
| Diagnostic | Help diagnose disease or condition |
| Example of diagnostic | Barium Sulfate used for computed tomography scans |
| Pallative | Treat symptoms or make patient more comfortable |
| Examples of palative | Morphine to relieve pain of cancer or oxygen to make breathing more easier |
| Replacement | Replaces a missing substance |
| Example of replacement | Natural thyroid to treat hypothyroidism |
| Destructive | To destroy tumors and/or microbes |
| Examples of destructive | Carbimazole to inhibit production of thyroid hormone to treat hyperthyroidism |
| Which of the following is the source of lanolin? | Animal |
| Which of the following is the source of potassium chloride? | Mineral |
| Which of the following is the source of digoxin (Lanoxin)? | Plant |
| Which of the following is the source of barbiturates? | Synthesis |
| Which of the following is the souce of leukocytes | Human |
| During which was did the process of mass production of insulin begin? | WWII |
| Genetic engineering is used to make what type of drugs? | Synthetic |
| Prior to synthetic production of medicine, the source of insulin was: | Cows and pigs |
| Toxins are commonly used to treat what aging symptom? | Wrinkling of the skin |
| What drug used in the treatment of menopause is obtained from horses? | Premarin |
| A drug can be administered in one of three ways: | 1) enterally 2) paternally 3) precutaneously |
| Enterally | Drug is administered directly into the gastrointestinal system orally, rectally, or through a tube entering this system |
| Parenterally | By intramuscular, intravenous, subcutaneous, or intradermal injection |
| Percutaneously | By inhalation, sublingually (under the tongue), topically, or transdermally |
| Topical medications is applied: | Directly to the skin |
| Liquid medications act faster than pills because: | Pills must first be broken down to be absorbed |
| Absorption | Process by which a substance moves into the bloodstream from the site where drug was administered |
| Distribution | Delivery of the drug to the appropriate site after the drug has been absorbed into the bloodstream |
| Metabolism | medication is gradually "transformed" to a less active or in some instances an inactive form. |
| What metabolizes drugs? | The liver, kidneys, and intestines metabolize drugs |
| Excretion | Ensures waste products are removed and do not build up in the body |
| A drugs power of strength is called it's: | Potency |
| A drug is called an ________ when it is taken with another drug so the two can work together | Antagonist |
| When drugs are taken seperately | Synergism |
| Adverse reaction | Severe side effect such as shock or death |
| Which means leaving the body? | Excretion |
| Which means moving through a membrane? | Absorption |
| Which means chemical alteration to another substance in the body? | Biotransformation |
| Which means moving of the medication from the site of administration to the target organ? | Distibution |
| Ototoxicity | Ears |
| Nephrotoxicity occurs in the | Kidneys |
| Point at which medication has maximum desired effect: | Therapeutic level |
| Antagonists are taken together to: | Work together |
| Seven rights of drug administation | Right patient, right drug, right dose, right time, right route, right technique, right documentation |
| Three steps to select the right drug: | 1) Check label before removing from the shelf 2)Check label before you pour drug out 3) Check label before you put medication back on shelf |
| Right ear | a.d. |
| Left ear | a.s. |
| Both ears | a.u |
| Right eye | o.d |
| Left eye | o.s. |
| Both eyes | o.u |
| bid | twice a day |
| tid | three times a day |
| qid | four times a day |
| c- | with |
| s- | without |
| PO | By mouth (orally) |
| NPO | Nothing by mouth |
| ID | intradermally (into the skin) |
| IM | Intramuscular (into a muscle) |
| IV | intravenous (into a vein) |
| SC | Subcutaneously |
| Which is a sign of anaphylaxis? | Wheezing |
| a.c. | before meal |
| p.c. | after meal |
| Who oversees safe development of new drugs | Food and Drug Administration (FDA) |
| Schedule I | High abuse potential |
| Example of Schedule I | Heroin, LSD, Methaqualone |
| Schedule II | High abuse potential, acceptable medical use |
| Examples of Schedule II | Morphine, PCP, Cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, ritalin |
| Schedule III | Lower abuse potential acceptable medical use, moderate to low abuse potential |
| Examples of Schedule III | Anabolic steroids, codeine, hydrocodone, and some barbiturates |
| Schedule IV | Low abuse potential, acceptable medical use, limited dependence risk |
| Examples of Schedule IV | Darvon, Valium, Xanax |
| Schedule V | Lower abuse potential than Schedule IV drugs, acceptable medical use, limited physical or psychological dependence compared to schedule IV drugs |
| Examples of schedule V | Cough medicines with codeine |
| Refills are allowed how often in Schedule III | Five times in six months |
| Symptoms of withdrawal | Tremors, emotional distress, hallucinations |
Created by:
loweunde
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