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Ch6 Muscle
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Contractility | the ability of skeletal muscle to shorten with force. |
| Excitability | the capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | the ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched. |
| Epimysium | each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| Fascia | another connective tissue located outside the epimysium .it surrounds and separates muscles |
| perimysium | a muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi ,which are surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| fibers | the fascia are composed of single muscle cells |
| endomysium | each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| a threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other | |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | actin and myosin filaments form |
| I band | consists of actin |
| A band | extends the length of the myosin |
| H zone | consists only of myosin |
| M line | the myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of the sarcomere at a dark staining band |
| resting membrane potential | the charge difference across the membrane |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to the skeletal muscle fibers |
| axons enter the muscles and branch,each branch that connects to the muscle forms a neuromuscular junction or synapse | |
| motor unit | a single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
| synaptic vesicles | each presynaptic terminal contains |
| acetylcholine | synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called |
| acetylcholinesterase | |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| muscle twitch | the contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers |
| threshold | a muscle fiber will not respond to that stimulus until that stimulus reaches level |
| all-or-none response | this phenomenon is called |
| lag phase | the time between application of a stimulus of a motor neuron and the beginning of the contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | the time during which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor neurons being activated |
| creatine phosphate | when at rest your muscles do not stock ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule |
| anaerobic | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reaction to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells |
| muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used during muscle contractions faster than it can be produced in the muscle cells |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone | muscle tone refers to constant tension produced by the muscles of the body for long periods of time. Keeps head up and back straight |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | the most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | the end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | the portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition of one another |
| prime mover | among a group of synergists, if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement its the prime mover |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes "crows feet" wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners in the eye |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens the cheeks, trumpeters muscle |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | neck muscle |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| gluteus maximus | bottocks |
| quadriceps | extends the leg |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf msucle |
Created by:
daniel191
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