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chapter 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| buttocks | gluteus maximus |
| muscle fibers | muscle cells |
| fasciculi | bundle of skeletal muscles bound by fasciae |
| contractility | muscle to shorten with force |
| excitability | when muscle responds to stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil and stretch |
| epimysium | muscle surrounded by connective tissue |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside of epimysium |
| myofibrils | fibers that extend to one another |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| tetany | when muscle remains contracted |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| threshold | stimulus' highest level |
| lag phase | the beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | the time of contraction |
| recruitment | number of motor units being contracted |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| muscle fatigue | when atp is used during muscle contraction |
| isometric | equal distance |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscle |
| fast twitch fiber | contract and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fiber | contract slowly and resistant to fatigue |
| origin | end of muscle |
| insertion | muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| isotonic | equal tension |
| synergists | muscles working together to accomplish specific movements |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition |
| prime mover | the muscle accomplishing a desired movement |
| skeleton | dried up body |
| bone cells | osteocytes |
| contraction | to shorten or develop tension |
| skeletal muscle | muscles composed of cydrical cells |
| endomysium | the thin connective tissue surrounding each muscle cell |
| perimysium | the connective tissue enveloping the heart |
| smooth muscle | spindle shaped muscle |
| cardiac muscle | specialized muscle of the heart |
| sarcolemma | nuclei beneath the plasma membrane |
| sarcomere | the smallest unit of muscle |
| motor unit | a motor neuron and all the muscle cells it supplies |
| axon | process that carries impulses away from the nerve |
| acetylcholine | chemical transmitter substance released by certain nerve endings |
| muscle fatigue | fatigue in the muscles |
| fixators | muscles acting as a joint or bone |
| muscle types | visceral, cardiac, and skeletal |
| Occipitofrontalis | the raise of the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| 4 pairs of mastication muscles | 2 pair of pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | change the shape of the tongue. |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Sternocleidomastoid | lateral neck muscle and prime mover. Rotates and abducts the head |
| Erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration. |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| Extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| Flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| Extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg muscles |
| Sartorius | flexes thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle |
Created by:
emilyyy5502
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