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Muscle Extensions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Occipitofrontalis | raise the eyebrows |
| Orbicularis oculi | closes the eyelids and causes “crows feet” wrinkles in the skin at the lateral corners of the eye. |
| Orbicularis oris | puckers the lips. |
| Buccinator | flattens the cheeks. Trumpeter’s muscle. |
| Zygomaticus | smiling muscle. |
| Levator labii superioris | sneering |
| Depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| Mastication | chewing |
| Sternocleidomastoid | rotates and abducts head |
| Erector spinae | muscles on each side of back keeping it straight |
| Diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| Intrinsic Tongue Muscles | changes the shape of the tonuge |
| Extrinsic Tongue Muscles | move the tongue |
| Dome | shaped muscle aiding breathing |
| Trapezius | rotates scapula |
| Serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the muscle |
| Latissimus dorsi | powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | major abductor of the upper limb |
| Triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm (anterior compartment) |
| Brachialis | flexes forearm |
| Brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| Flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrists |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| Gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| Quadriceps femoris | extends the leg |
| Sartorius | tailors muscle. flexes the thigh |
| Hamstring muscles | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| Gastrocnemius and soleus | form the calf muscle. |
| intrinsic foot muscles | 20 muscles located within the foot |
| peroneus muscles | the laternal muscles of the leg |
| Contractility | skeletal muscle to shorten with force |
| Excitability | skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus. |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched. |
| Elasticity | recoil to their original resting |
| epimysium | surrounds skeletal muscle |
| Fascia | connective tissue outside the epimysium |
| perimysium. | loose connective tissue |
| endomysium. | surrounds each muscle fiber |
| myofibrils | cytoplasm of each fiber |
| actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| sarcomeres | basic structural and functional unit of the muscle. |
| resting membrane potential. | charged difference between cell membranes |
| action potential. | brief reversal back of the |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. |
| neuromusclular junction or synapse | branch that connects to the muscle forms |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| postsynaptic terminal. | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| synaptic vesicles | presynaptic terminal contains this |
| acetylcholine. | this secrete a neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase. | enzymes that rapidly break down acetylcholine |
| sliding filament mechanism | sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| Muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| threshold | point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase. | time between application of a stimulus and beginning of a contraction |
| contraction phase | time of contraction |
| relaxation phase | time of relaxation |
| Tetany | when muscle remains contracted |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units |
| creatine phosphate. | high energy molecule |
| Anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | amount of oxygen needed to convert lactic to glucose |
| Muscle fatigue | results when ATP is used |
| isometric | the length of the muscle does not change, but the amount of tension increases during the contraction process. |
| isotonic | the amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes. |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles |
| Fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| 13. Slow-twitch fibers | contract more slowly and release slowly |
| origin | stationary end of muscle |
Created by:
karleetackett
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