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Anatomy
flash cards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Buttocks | Gluteus Maximus |
| Contractility | ability to shorten with force |
| Excitability | capacity to respond to a stimulus |
| Extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| Elasticity | recoil to natural length after being stretched |
| Epimysium | connective tissue sheath surrounded by each muscle |
| Fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| Perimysium | loose connective tissue surrounding a fascicle |
| Fibers | single muscle cells |
| Endomysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber |
| Myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| Actin myofilaments | thin myofilaments |
| Myosin myofilaments | thick myofilaments |
| Sarcomeres | joined end to end to form the myofibril |
| Resting membrane potential | charge difference across the membrane |
| Action potential | brief reversal back of the charge |
| Motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction | Each branch that connects to the muscle forms |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| occipitofrontalis | raises eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | closes eyelids |
| orbicularis oris | puckers the lips |
| buccinator | flattens cheek |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superioris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| mastication | chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | neck muscle |
| diaphragm | slow breathing |
| Triceps brachii | extends forearm |
| Biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachialis | flexes forearm |
| brachioradials | flexes and supinates forearm |
| flexor carpi | flex wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flex fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends fingers |
| synaptic cleft | space between presynaptic cleft and muscle cells |
| presynaptic cleft | nerve terminal |
| synaptic vesicle | surrounds the terminal |
| acetylcholine | neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by an enzymes |
| sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| Muscle twitch | is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fibers. |
| threshold | A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level |
| all-or-none response | at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally |
| lag phase | The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the |
| contraction phase | where the muscles contract |
| relaxation phase | where the muscles relax |
| Tetany | contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in motor units |
| creatine phosphate | produced for muscle cells |
| Anaerobic respiration | no oxygen |
| Aerobic respiration | oxygen |
| oxygen debt | lack of oxygen |
| Muscle fatigue | muscles giving out |
| isometric | muscle length does not change |
| isotonic | length changes |
| Muscle tone | refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| Fast-twitch fibers | fast muscles twitch |
| Slow-twitch fibers | slow muscle twitch |
| origin | most stationary end of muscle |
| insertion | undergoing greatest movement |
| belly | between origin and insertion |
| synergists | work together |
| antagonists | work against |
| prime mover | one muscle works to move others |
| sliding filament mechanism | The sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction |
| acetylcholinesterase | The acetylcholine released into the synaptic cleft between the neuron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down |
| External intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| Internal intercostals | do not elevate ribs |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| rectus abdominis | On each side of the linea alba |
| Pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| Latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends the arm |
| Deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle, and is the major abductor of the upper limb. |
Created by:
jdixon21
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