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Chapter 12
Nervous System and Tissue
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Afferent | Carryingg toward |
| Efferent (Exit) | Carrying Away |
| Types of Sensory Inputs (Afferent) | 1. somatic afferent-in skin, body wall, and limbs 2. visceral afferent- in viscera |
| Types of Motor Outputs (Efferent) | 1. somatic efferent- voluntary motor 2. visceral efferent- involuntary motor |
| Special Characteristics of Neurons: | 1. Extreme Longevity- live long 2. High Metabolic Rate- cant live long with O2 and glucose 3. Do not divide- cant be replaced when damaged |
| All Neurons do not divide except: | neural stems cells in cns |
| Bundles of Neuronal Processes are called | 1. Tracts in CNS 2. Nerves in PNs |
| Types of Neuronal Processes | 1. Dendrites 2. Axons |
| Neuronal Processes: Dendrites | 1. Numerous 2. Contain almost all organelles contained in cell body-soma 3. receptive site for electrical signals from other neuros 4. CONDUCT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS [TOWARD] CELL BODY |
| Neuronal Processes: Axons | 1. Long Axons are called nerve fibers 2. Terminal branches contain boutons that contain neurotransmitters 3. generate impulses at initial segment and carry electrical signals AWAY from cell body |
| Neurons Classification by Function: Sensory (Afferent) Neuron | -almost all are pseudounipolar (with two processes) -do not have dendrites |
| Pseudounipolar Neurons of Sensory neuron | 1. Central Process- carries nerve impulses AWAY from cell-axon 2. Peripheral Process- carries nerve impulses TOWARD cell body- still axon |
| Neurons Classification by Function: Motor (Efferent Neurons) | -carry nerve impulses away from cell CNS to effector organs |
| Neuron Classification by Function: Interneurons (Association) | -acount for 99 percent of neurons -all in CNS |
| Nervous Tissue: Neuroglia Functions | 1.provide supportive scaffolding for neurons 2.Cover nonsynaptic parts of neuron to insulate neuron so no mix up of electrical signals |
| Nervous Tissue: Neuroglia In CNS | 1. Astrocytes 2. Oligodendrocytes 3. microglia 4. Ependymal cells |
| Neuroglia in CNS: Oligodendrocytes | Cell processes wrap around thicker axons in CNS, forming insulating covers called myelin sheaths |
| Neuroglia in PNS | 1. Schwann Cells 2. Satellite Cells -insulate neurons |
| Neuroglia in PNS: Schwann Cells | surround all axons in pns |
| Neuroglia in PNS: Satellite Cells | surround neuronal cell bodies with in ganglia |
| Myelin Sheath: Functions | 1. Protects axons (dont exist on dendrytes) 2. electrically insulate fibers from one another 3. increase speed of neuron transmission (the more the better) |
| Differences of Myelin Sheath in CNS and PNS | 1. In PNS, one schwann cells make up one axon. 2. In CNs, on oligodendrocyte cell makes up multiple axons |
Created by:
vs604
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