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Repro/Heredity
Understanding Anatomy & Physiology Chapters 23 and 25
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Sertoli Cells | cells contained in the wall of the seminiferous tubules that promote the development of sperm by supplying nutrients, removing waste, and secreting the hormone inhibin, which plays a role in the maturation and release of sperm |
| Leydig Cells | clusters of interstitial cells lying between the seminiferous tubules that produce testosterone |
| Vas Deferens | Travels up the spermatic cord, through the inguinal canal, and into the pelvic cavity, loops over the ureter and descends along the posterior bladder wall |
| Spermatic Cord | Strand of connective tissue and muscle extending from the abdomen to each testicle |
| What does the spermatic cord contain? | The spermatic cord contains the sperm duct (vas deferens), blood, lymphatic vessels, and nerves |
| Seminal vesicle | Secretions are produced from the seminal vesicles to make the sperm more alkaline and also to provide fructose as an energy source for sperm motility |
| Seminiferous tubules | Ducts in which sperm are produced |
| Where is testosterone produced? | Interstitial cells of the testes, leydig cells |
| What do the seminial vesicles secrete? | Secrete thick, yellowish fluid that makes up 60% of semen and contains fructose and other substances that nourish and ensure sperm motility |
| What does the prostate gland secrete? | A thin, milky alkaline fluid into the urethra that makes up 30% of semen that helps with sperm motility |
| What do the bulbourethral glands secrete? | A clear fluid into the penile portion of the urethra during sexual arousal to serve as a lubricant and also neutralizes the acidity of residual urine in the urethra to protect the sperm |
| Epididymis | Provides a place for the sperm to mature and remain until ejaculation |
| Spermatogenesis begins: | Spermatogenesis beings when a male reaches puberty and usually continues throughout life. |
| Mature sperm remain fertile for how long? | forty to sixty days |
| Corpus cavernosum | Two larger cylinders of tissue inside the penis that fill the shaft of the penis with blood during sexual arousal |
| Corpus Spongiosum | Smaller cylinder of tissue inside the penis that encircles the urethra |
| Which hormones produce the enlargement of testes? | The onset of puberty is marked by the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone by the hypothalamus, triggering the secretion of FSH and LH |
| Meiosis | Parent cell splits it's supply of 46 chromosomes to form two daughter cells each with 23 chromosomes |
| Mitosis | Produces two daughter cells, each with forty six chromosomes |
| Females primiary reproductive organ | The ovaries are the female's primary reproductive organs |
| Ovaries | Sit on each side of the uterus and produce both egg cells (ova) and sex hormones |
| Outer layer of the uterus | Perimetrium |
| Myometrium | Thick, middle layer of uterus that consists of smooth muscle that contracts during labor to expel the fetus from the uterus |
| Endometrium | Innermost layer of the vagina where the embryo attaches |
| Lying between the seminiferous tubules are clusters of ______________ called ____________ that produce testosterone. | Interstitial cells, leydig cells |
| Sperm leave the tail of the epididymis and pass into the ______________? | vas deferens |
| What is a tube that carries sperm out of the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct? | vas deferens |
| A surge in which hormone causes ovulation? | Lutenizing hormone |
| What hormones drive the menstrual cycle? | Estrogen and progesterone |
| As the vas deferens turns downward, it joins the ______ to form the __________ duct. | seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct |
| Fundus | Curved upper portion of the uterus that can determine how far along gestation is |
| Fimbriae | Fingerlike projections that fan over the ovary to catch the emerging oocyte |
| Vagina | A muscular tube about three inches long that serves as a receptacle for the penis and sperm, a route for discharge of menstral blood, and passageway for birth of a baby |
| Vagina Ruggae | located at the bottom of the vagina consisting of ridges that help stimulate the penis during intercourse and allow for expansion during childbirth |
| Ampulla | The middle portion of the fallopian tube, the usual site for egg fertilization |
| Spermatogenesis begins? | Spermatogenesis beings when a male reaches puberty and usually continues throughout life. |
| Purpose of enzymes contained in acrosome | The enzymes help the sperm penetrate the egg during fertilization |
| Ovary | two ovaries sit on each side of the uterus where they produce both egg cells (ova) and sex hormones |
| Endometrium | Innermost layer of the uterus where the embryo attaches |
| Acini | Sac-like clusters that are attached to each lobule in the breast that secrete milk during lactation |
| Areola | pigmented area that encircles the nipple of the breast that consist of numerous sebaceous glands that consist of sebum |
| Persistent high levels of estrogen and progesterone would cause what | Lack of follicular development |
| Follicle stimulating hormone secretes | estrogen to thicken the endometrium in the mentral cycle |
| Lutenizing hormone what is happening when high levels are secreted | Causes follicle to rupture and releases the ovum, ovulation occurs. |
| Homozygous | If a person has two alleles that are the same |
| Heterozygous | If a person has two alleles that are different |
| Genome: | complete set of genetic information for one person |
| Why do mature red blood cells not carry dna? | They do not have a nucleus |
| Female gametes | Sex cells, eggs (ova) |
| What are the milk producing structures of the breast? | Acini |
Created by:
loweunde
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