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AL 101-chapters 1-2
Terminology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aden/o | gland |
| epitheli/o | epithelium |
| hist/o | tissue |
| lip/o | fat |
| cyt/o | cell |
| fibr/o | fiber |
| kary/o | nucleus |
| my/o | muscle |
| neur/o | nerve |
| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
| eti/o | cause (of disease) |
| organ/o | organ |
| system/o | system |
| cancer/o, carcin/o | cancer |
| gno/o | knowledge |
| iatr/o | physician, medicine (also means treatment) |
| onc/o | tumor, mass |
| rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated |
| chlor/o | green |
| lei/o | smooth |
| path/o | disease |
| somat/o | body |
| chrom/o | color |
| cyan/o | blue |
| erythr/o | red |
| leuk/o | white |
| melan/o | black |
| xanth/o | yellow |
| dia- | through, complete |
| dys- | painful, abnormal, difficult, labored |
| hyper- | above, excessive |
| hypo- | below, incomplete, deficient |
| meta- | after, beyond, change |
| neo- | new |
| pro- | before |
| -al, -ic, -ous | pertaining to |
| -cyte | cell |
| -gen | substance or agent that produces or causes |
| -genesis | origin, cause |
| -genic | producing, originating, causing |
| -logist | one who studies and treats (specialist, physician) |
| -logy | study of |
| -oid | resembling |
| -oma | tumor, swelling |
| -osis | abnormal condition |
| -pathy | disease |
| -plasia | condition of formation, development, growth |
| -plasm | growth, substance, formation |
| -sarcoma | malignant tumor |
| -sis | state of |
| -stasis | control, stop, standing |
| arthr | joint |
| What is the term for "inflammation of a joint"? | arthritis |
| What is the term for "disease of a joint"? | arthropathy |
| What is the term for "pertaining to the liver"? | hepatic |
| What is the term for "pertaining to under the liver"? | subhepatic |
| What is the term for "pertaining to within the vein"? | intravenous |
| What is the term for "inflammation of the bone"? | osteitis |
| What is the term for "inflammation of the liver"? | hepatitis |
| What is the term for "disease of the bone and joint"? | osteoarthropathy |
| What is the term for "enlargement of the liver"? | hepatomegaly |
| The structure of the human body falls into what four categories? | cells, organs, tissues, systems |
| adenocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of glandular tissue |
| adenoma | tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign) |
| carcinoma (Ca) | cancerous tumor (malignant) |
| chloroma | tumor of green color (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue) |
| epithelioma | tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign of malignant) |
| fibroma | tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) (benign) |
| fibrosarcoma | malignant tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue) |
| leiomyoma | tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign) |
| leiomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of smooth muscle |
| lipoma | tumor composed of fat (benign tumor) |
| liposarcoma | malignant tumor of fat |
| melanocarcinoma | cancerous black tumor (malignant) |
| melanoma | black tumor (primarily of the skin) |
| myoma | tumor composed of muscle (benign) |
| neoplasm | new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor) |
| neuroma | tumor composed of nerve (benign) |
| rhabdomyoma | tumor composed of striated muscle (benign) |
| rhabdomyosarcoma | malignant tumor of striated muscle |
| sarcoma | tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage) (highly malignant) |
| What is the basic unit of all living things? | cell |
| What is a type of connective tissue? | bone |
| What are regions within the chromosome? | genes |
| What covers the external body surface, and lines body cavities and organs? | epithelial tissue |
| What is the gel-like fluid inside a cell? | cytoplasm |
| What contains chromosomes? | nucleus |
| What coordinates body activities? | nerve tissue |
| What usually produces movement? | muscle tissue |
| What contains genes? | chromosomes |
| What is a chemical that regulates the activities of a cell? | DNA |
| What is the term for "producing cells"? | cytogenic |
| What is the term for "resembling a cell"? | cytoid |
| What is the term for "study of cells"? | cytology |
| What is the term for "abnormal development"? | dysplasia |
| What is the term for "red (blood) cell (RBC)"? | erythrocyte |
| What is the term for "increase in the number of red (blood) cells"? | erythrocytosis |
| What is the term for "study of tissue"? | histology |
| What is the term for "excessive development (number of cells)"? | hyperplasia |
| What is the term for "incomplete development (of an organ or tissues)"? | hypoplasia |
| What is the term for "cell with a nucleus"? | karyocyte |
| What is the term for "substance of a nucleus"? | karyoplasm |
| What is the term for "white (blood) cell (WBC)"? | leukocyte |
| What is the term for "increase in the number of white (blood) cells"? | leukocytosis |
| What is the term for "resembling fat"? | lipoid |
| What is the term for "disease of the muscle"? | myopathy |
| What is the term for "resembling a nerve"? | neuroid |
| What is the term for "pertaining to the body"? | somatic |
| What is the term for "originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychologic)"? | somatogenic |
| What is the term for "disease of the body"? | somatopathy |
| What is the term for "body substance"? | somatoplasm |
| What is the term for "pertaining to a (body) system (or the body as a whole)"? | systemic |
| What is the term for "pertaining to the internal organs"? | visceral |
| Define "cancerous." | pertaining to cancer |
| Define "carcinogen." | substance that causes cancer |
| Define "carcinogenic." | producing cancer |
| Define "cyanosis." | abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration of the skin caused by inadequate supply of oxygen in the blood) |
| Define "diagnosis (Dx)." | state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease) |
| Define "etiology." | study of causes (of disease) |
| Define "iatrogenic." | produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician) |
| Define "iatrology." | study of medicine |
| Define "metastasis (mets) - plural is metastases." | beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors) |
| Define "neopathy." | new disease |
| Define "oncogenic." | causing tumors |
| Define "oncologist." | a physician who studies and treats tumors |
| Define "oncology." | study of tumors (a branch of medicine concerned with the study of malignant tumors) |
| Define "pathogenic." | producing disease |
| Define "pathologist." | a physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death) |
| Define "pathology." | study of disease (a branch of medicine dealing with the study of the causes of disease and death) |
| Define "prognosis (Px)." | state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of a disease) |
| Define "xanthochromic." | pertaining to yellow color |
| Define "xanthosis." | abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration) |
| benign | not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery |
| carcinoma in situ | cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue |
| chemotherapy (chemo) | treatment of cancer with drugs |
| encapsulated | enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors |
| exacerbation | increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms |
| idiopathic | pertaining to disease of unknown origin |
| inflammation | response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain |
| in vitro | within a glass, observable within a test tube |
| in vivo | within the living body |
| malignant | tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer |
| radiation therapy (XRT) | treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (also called radiation oncology and radiotherapy) |
| remission | improvement or absence of signs of disease |
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