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chapters 13,14,15
| A band cell is | immature white blood cell |
| WBC's recognize foreign antigens & produce antibodies | lymphocytes |
| organ that produces erythropoietin during hypoxia | kidney |
| oxygen carrying protein of the RBC's | hemoglobin |
| blood clot is made of | fibrin |
| Backflow from the ventricles to the atria is prevented by the: | mitral and tricuspid vlaves |
| each normal heart beat is initiated by | SA node |
| vessel in which the left ventricle pumps blood | aorta |
| systole | contraction |
| Normal, healthy adult heart rate | 60-100 |
| fetal blood vessel that carries blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta | ductus arteriosus |
| backflow of blood within a veins is prevented by | valves |
| blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete | renin |
| person with type AB blood has which of the following? | A and B antigens on the RBC's and neither anti-A nor anti-B antibodies in the plasm |
| red bone marrow produce? | all the types of blood cells |
| mineral that is needed for chemical clotting | calcium |
| normal pH of the blood | 7.35-7.45 |
| in the wall of a large artery that causes it to contract in vascular spasm in an attempt to control bleeding | smooth muscle |
| abnormal clot that forms on a rough surface in an intact vessel | thrombus |
| WBC's that carry out most phagocytosis of pathogens | monocytes and neutrophils |
| function of erythropoietin | increase in RBC production |
| prevent backflow of blood from the arteries to the ventricles? | aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves |
| name for the veins that return blood to the right atrium of the heart | superior and inferior vena cava |
| defines the amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in 1 minute | cardiac output |
| fetal vessel that carries blood from the placenta to the fetus | umbilical vein |
| In capillaries, nutrients are transported from the blood to the tissues through | filtration |
| Numbers in a bp | systolic/diastolic |
| will happen to the blood pressure in cases of large blood loss or hemorrhage | it will decrease |
| ADH will increase blood pressure because it | increases water reabsorption by the kidneys |
| a hematocrit reveal | how much oxygen the blood can carry |
| substance allows RBC's to transport oxygen | hemoglobin |
| move to high altitude would trigger which change in the blood | an increased number of reticulocytes |
| Hemolysis may produce which physical sign | jaundice |
| infecting organism pierces the skin, which of the following WBC's would quickly migrate out of the blood vessels and into tissues to ingest the foreign invaders | neutrophils |
| unwanted part of hemostasis | formation of a thrombis |
| substance, carried by each red blood cell, determines blood type | antigen |
| following will occur if someone with type A blood receives a transfusion with type B blood? | agglutination |
| point of maximum impulse of the heart | apex |
| portion of the heart wall that lines the heart's chambers is | endocardium |
| heart valve controls the flow of blood between the left atrium and the left ventricle | mitral valve |
| name of the great vessel that supplies blood to the right atrium | superior and inferior vena cava |
| myocardium receive its blood supply | it receives its blood supply through the right and left coronary arteries |
| heart's primary pacemaker | the sinoatrial node (SA node) |
| cardiac cycle | the series of events that occur form teh beginning of one heartbeat to the beginning of the next |
| term used to describe the amount of tension, or stretch, in the ventricular muscle just before it contracts | preload |
| vessels that carry blood away form the heart are | arteries |
| reason blood constantly circulates is | pressure gradients |
| Plasma | Clear extracellular matrix of blood |
| Formed Elements | Cell and Cell Fragments Make up 45% of blood. include Erythrocytes (RBC) and platelets. |
| Red Bone Marrow: | produce all types of blood cells. |
| Red Bone Cells | Can not divide |
| Red Blood Cells | Delivers oxygen, removes carbon dioxide |
| hemoglobin | over 1/3 of interior RBC is filled with it. |
| hemoglobin | bound to each globin is an iron-containing molecule |
| hemoglobin | 4 ribbon-like protein chains called globin |
| Blood is what kind of tissue | Connective tissue |
| red blood cells | blood and blood forming tissue |
| Life Cycle of a RBC #1 | damaged rbc removed from circulation |
| Life cycle of a RBC #1 | oxygen levels fall |
| Life cycle of a RBC #2 | kidneys detect declining levels of oxygen |
| Life cycle of a RBC #2 | kidneys secrete EPO |
| EPO | Erythtopoletin |
| Life cycle of a RBC #3 | EPO stimulates red Bone Marrow to begin creating new Erythrocytes |
| Life cycle of a RBC #4 | a reticulocyte is released |
| reticulocyte | immature form of an erythrocyte |
| Life cycle of a RBC #5 | after 1-2 days the reticulocyte becomes a mature erythrocyte |
| Life cycle of a RBC #6 | number of RBC increases, oxygen levels rise |
| Life cycle of a RBC #6 | EPO is produced and RBC production declines |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #1 | liver and spleen ingest/destroy old RBCS |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #2 | hemoglobin becomes hemo and globin |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #3 | globin is broken down into Amino Acids |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #4 | Amino Acids= used for energy=create new proteins |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #5 | hemo = iron bilirubin |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #6 | iron is transported to bone marrow to make new hemoglobin |
| breakdown of Red blood Cells #7 | bilirubin becomes bile in intestines |
| hemolysis | excessive destruction of RBCS |
| jaundice | body canot handle excess Bilirubin, so it pools in the tissue turning it a yellow tint , |
| polycythemia | new RBCS are being made before Old ones can be Destroyed |
| Anemia | insufficient supply of iron in the blood. |
| White Blood Cells | called Leukocytes. crucial to life. |
| White Blood Cells | fewest of formed elements. 5 types of White Blood Cells |
| White Blood Cells | all leukocytes have a nucleus |
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | Second most formed element |
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | play key role in stopping bleeding |
| Platelets (thrombocytes) | live about 1 day |
| Homopoiesis | production of blood |
| Bile | gives feces a brown color |
| Leukopenia | abnormally low wbc |
| coagulation | clotting of blood that involves a complex series of chemical reactions |
| thrombin | transforms plasma protein into fine insoluble fibers |
| fibrin | forms web at the site of an injury |
| hemophilia | deficiency in one of the clotting factors |
| Universal donor | can be give 2 ANY recipient |
| fibrinolysis | dissolution of a blood clot |
| function of cardiovascular system | pump oxygen rich blood throughout the body |
| where is the heart located? | in the Thoracic cavity |
| Base | where vessels enter and leave the heart |
| apex | point of maximum impulse |
| atrium | 2 upper receiving chambers of the heart |
| ventricles | 2 lower pumping chambers of the heart |
| heart Valves | 1 @ end of each ventricle, 1 between each atrium and ventricle |
| Cuspor leaflets | Valves are formed by 2-3 flaps of tissues |
| Senilunar Valves | regulate flow between ventricles and arteries |
| Artioventricular Valves | regulate flow between atrium and ventricles |
| coronary arteries | deliver oxygenated blood to the myocardium |
| coronary arteries | collect deoxygenated blood |
| coronary arteries (right) | supplies blood to rt atrium, rt ventricle, lt inferior part of ventricle & part of lt atrium |
| coronary arteries (left) | supplies blood to left ventricle and most of the interventricular septum |
| Purkinjle fibers | conduct impulses throughout the muscle of both ventricles causing them to contract |
| SA (sinoatrial node) | 60-80 BPM |
| AV (atrioventricular node) | 40-60 BPM |
| Purkinjle fibers | 20-40 PM |
| Bundle of HIS | transmits impulses from the atrioventricular node, to the ventricles of the heart |
| Electrocardiogram | records electrical activity or impulses. DOES NOT record heart contractions. |
| Arteries Away | Arteries carry blood AWAY |
| Capillaries Connect | Capillaries serve to Connect arteries and veins |
| arterioles | resist the flow of blood. |
| conducting arteries | expand as blood surges into them and recoil when ventricles relax |
| arteries | carry blood away from the heart, when the heart pumps it forces blood into the arteries |
| distributing arteries | |
| veins | blood returns to heart in veins. They are very stretchy |
| large Veins | thick thunica externa (vena cava. pulmonary valve) |
| medium sized veins | formed by the convergence on venules on their route towards the heart |
| medium sized veins | contain one-way valves. prevent backflow |
| venules | collect blood from capillaries. can exchange fluid with surrounding tissue. |
| capillaries | link arterioles to venules. |
| capillaries | nutrients, wastes and hormones transferred between blood and tissue |
| capillaries | aren't easily distributed. Vital. also known as exchange vessels. |
| capillaries | fibrous connective tissues = less capillaries |
| capillaries | high metabolic rate tissues- more capillaries |
| capillaries | barely wide enough for blood. thin walls = filtering of substances |
| pulmonary circulation | routes blood from and to the lungs in exchange for 02 and C02 |
| Systemic circulation | removes wastes involves arteries and veins, comes from aorta |
| Heptic Portal Circulation | Digestive organs and spleen veins empty into the inferior vena cava |
| allows liver to modify blood going back to heart and get rid of excess glucose and toxins | Heptic Portal Circulation |
| Diastolic | ventricle relaxes |
Created by:
Coralebberson
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