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General Anatomy
Chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Plasma (cell) Membrane | "plasmalemma" act as a barrier, regulate exchange, detect changes, structural support, location of attachment made of fats, proteins, and carbs |
| Cytoplasm | material located between the cell membrane and the membrane of the nucleus, made of cytosol and organelles |
| Cytoskeleton | *organelle* cell skeleton, made of protein, |
| Microvilli | *organelle* fingerlike projections |
| Centrioles | *organelle* associated w/ movement of DNA during cell division |
| Cilica | *organelle* long slender extensions of the cell membrane |
| Ribosomes | *organelle* performs protein synthesis |
| Proteasomes | *organelle* protein digesting enzymes, (proteases) break down damaged proteins |
| Endoplasnic Reticulum | *organelle* smooth ER =NO ribosomes it syntheses fats, hormones & sugar. rough ER = ribosomes it aids in protein modification |
| Golgi Apparatus | *organelle* packaging and renewing |
| Lysosomes | *organelle* clean the cell |
| Peroxisomes | *organelle* break down fatty acids and other organic compounds |
| Mitochondria | *organelle* double folded membrane w/ cristae convert carbs to ATP via the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) (krebs) |
| Nucleus | *organelle* largest organelle, control center |
| Nucleus Contains: | nucleoplasm: fluid nuclear matrix: structure chromosomes: DNA attached to histones (46, 23 pairs) |
| DNA | 4 repeating nitrogenous bases: Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine |
| Mitosis | the division on the nucleus of a somatic body into 2 cells |
| interphase | most of a cell's life, regular function |
| prophase | 1st, nuclear envelope dissolves |
| Metaphase | 2nd, chromosomes line up in the middle |
| Anaphase | 3rd, chromosomes separate to each side |
| Telophase | 4th, nuclear envelope forms and surrounds each set of chromosomes |
| Neurons | cells that transmit electrical messages |
| Neuroglia (Glial cells) | support neurons |