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Digestive System
The organs of the digestive system
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Mouth | Opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva |
| Tongue | Consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. It provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech. |
| Palate | Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity |
| Soft palate | Posterior portion, not supported by the bone |
| Hard palate | Anterior portion, supported by bone |
| Uvula | Soft v-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat |
| Pharynx, throat | Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus |
| Esophagus | 10 in (25 cm) tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach. |
| Stomach | J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control |
| Peristalsis | Involuntary wavelike movements that propel food along the digestive tract and begins in the esophagus. |
| Cardia | Area around the opening of the esophagus |
| Fundus | Proximal domed portion of the stomach |
| Pylorus | Portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine |
| Pyloric sphincter | Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum |
| Small intestine | 20 ft (6 m) tube extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. |
| Digestion | Completed in the small intestine |
| Absorption | The passage of nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the blood stream, takes place through villi |
| Villi | Tiny finger-like projections that line the walls of the small intestine |
| Duodenum | First 10 to 12 in (25 cm) of the small intestine |
| Jejunum | Second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) long |
| Ileum | Third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet (3.3 m) long, which connects with the large intestine |
| Large intestine | Approximately 5 feet (1.5 m) long tube that extends form the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and transit of solid waste products of digestion take place here |
| Cecum | Blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine |
| Colon | Next portion of the large intestine. Divided into four parts: ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid |
| Rectum | Distal portion of the large intestine, approximately 8-10 in (20 cm) long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus |
| Anus | Sphincter muscle at the end of the digestive tract. Provides for elimination of solid waste products of digestion. |
| Sphincter muscle | Ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight |
| Salivary Glands | Produce saliva, which flows into the mouth |
| Liver | Produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. The liver performs many other functions concerned with digestion and metabolism. |
| Bile ducts | Passageways that carry bile |
| Hepatic duct | Passageway for bile from the liver |
| Cystic duct | Carries bile to and from the gallbladder |
| Common bile duct | The hepatic duct and cystic duct join to convey bile to the duodenum |
| Biliary tract | All the different types of ducts in the digestive system |
| Gall bladder | Small, sac-like structure that stores bile produced by the liver |
| Pancreas | Produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism |
| Peritoneum | Serous sac-like lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities |
| Appendix | Small pouch, which has no known function in digestion, attached to the cecum |
| Vermiform appendix | Another name for appendix |
| Abdomen | Portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis |
Created by:
StudyNinja274
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