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Nervous Sys1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Central Nervous System | Brain and Spinal Cord |
| Peripheral Nervous Systems | Nerve tissues that lie in the "outer regions" of the nervous system - extend to the extremities |
| Cranial Nerves | originate in the brain |
| Spinal Nerves | originate in the spinal cord |
| Afferent Division | sensory pathways - towards the brain |
| Efferent Division | motor pathways - away from the brain |
| Somatic Nervous System | carry information to the skeletal muscles. Voluntary |
| Autonomic Nervous System | carry information to the smooth and cardiac muscles, and glands. Involuntary |
| Sympathetic NS | "fight or flight" |
| Parasympathetic NS | return to resting activities "rest and repair" |
| Glial Cells | DO NOT conduct impulses but support the functions of neurons |
| Neurons | excitable cells that conduct nerve implulses |
| Astrocytes | type of glial cells that help form the Blood Brain Barrier |
| Microglia | type of glial cells that are used for phagocytosis |
| Oligodendrocytes | helps produce fatty myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the CNS |
| Schwann Cells | helps produce fatty myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the PNS |
| Node of Ranvier | microscopic gaps between Schwann Cells |
| Multipolar Neuron | One Axon, several dendrites, mostly found in the CNS |
| Bipolar Neuron | Least common type of neuron, found in retina, inner ear, and olfactory pathway (nasal). |
| Reflex Arc | A signal conduction route |
| Potential Energy | The difference in ion concentration across the plasma membrane |
| Resting Potential | -70mV |
| Depolarization | Na+ causes the movement of the membrane potential to zero |
| Repolarization | K+ causes the movement back to -70mV |
| Action Potential | AKA- Nerve Impulse |
| Refractory Period | after the threshold potential is surpassed and the axon will not respond stimuli |
| Relative Refractory Period | after the absolute refractory period, can only be stimulated if the stimulus is really strong |
| Saltatory Conduction | Action Potential seems to "Leap" from node to node |
| Anesthetics | Block pain, inhibit the opening of the Na+ channels |
| Marcaine | Anesthetic- used in dental procedures |
| Procaine | Anesthetic- used to block signals in sensory pathways of the spinal cord |
| Benzocaine | Found in over the counter products that release pain with teething, sore throats, and other ailments |
| Neurotransmitters | How neurons talk to one another |
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terry.reyna