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Anatomy week2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| What is a cell | Smallest living unit Fundamental unit of all living things Cells are everywhere Every tissue, organ are made up of cells. |
| Similarities in cells | All cells are similar in that they contain a gelatinous substance composed of: Water,proteins,sugar,acids,fats,minerals |
| Difference in cells | As cells develop in the embryo cells change forms. Cells are different in order to carry out specific functions. Muscle cell Epithelial Cell Nerve cell Fat cell |
| Muscle cell | Long and slender Contains fibres that aid in contracting and relaxing |
| Epithelial cell | Square & flat Provides protection Eg) skin, protective coating on internal organs |
| Nerve cell | Long with many fibres to carry out impulses. Some fibres can be 4 ft long |
| Fat cell | Large empty spaces to store fat |
| What is metabolism | Anabolism & catabolism make up the cells metabolism. Therefore metabolism is the total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell |
| What is tissue | Tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a specific job |
| List 4 types of tissue | Epithelial tissue Muscle tissue Connective tissue Nerve tissue |
| What are organs | Different types of tissue combine to form organs. |
| viscera | Organ |
| viscus | Organ |
| What are systems | Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions |
| Digestive system | Mouth, pharynx (throut), esophagus, stomach,intestines, liver,gallbladder, pancreas |
| Urinary or excretory system | Kidneys,uttered,bladder,urethra, |
| Respiratory system | Nose,pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchial tubes, lungs |
| Reproductive system | Female: Ovaries,Fallopian tubes,uterus,vagina,mammoth glands Makes: Urethra,penis,testes,prostate gland |
| Endocrine system | Thyroid gland,pituitary gland,sex gland,adrenal gland,pancreas,parathyroid glands |
| Nervous system | Brain,spinal cord,nerves,collections of nerves |
| Circulatory system | Heart,blood vessels,lymphatic vessels,nodes,spleen,thymus gland |
| Musculoskeletal system | Muscle Bones Joints |
| Skin & sense organs system | Skin,hair,nails,sweat glands,sebaceous glands,eye,ear,nose,tongue |
| Adipose tissue | Collection of fat cells |
| Cartilage | Flexible connective tissue attached to bone & joints |
| Epithelial cell | Skin cells cover: Outside of body line internal organs |
| Histologist | A scientist who specializes in the study of tissues |
| Larynx | The voice box |
| Pharynx | Throat |
| Pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain |
| Thyroid gland | Endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck |
| Trachea | Wind pipe |
| Ureter | One of two tubes each leading from a single kidney to the urinary bladder |
| Urethra | Tube from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body |
| Uterus | Womb Holds the embryo/fetus as it develops |
| Viscera | Internal organs |
| What is a body cavity | A space within the body that contains internal organs (Viscera) |
| Cranial cavity | Brain Pituitary gland |
| Thoracic | Lungs,heart,esophagus,trachea,bronchial,thymus gland, aorta |
| Abdominal cavity | Stomach ,small intestine,large intestine,spleen,pancreas,liver,gallbladder |
| Pelvic cavity | Portions of small & large intestines Rectum, urinary bladder, urethra,ureters,uterus,vagina |
| Spinal cavity | Nerves of the spinal cord |
| Abdominopelvic regions & quadrants | There are 9 regions & 4 quadrants |
| Right hypochondriac region | Right upper region Below the cartilage of the ribs that extend over the abdomen |
| Left hypochondriac region | Left upper region Below the rib cartilage |
| epigastric region | Region above the stomach |
| Right lumbar region | Right middle region near waist |
| Left lumbar region | Left middle region near waist |
| Umbilical region | Region of the naval or umbilicus |
| Right inguinal region | Right lower region near groin |
| Left inguinal region | Left lower region near groin |
| Hypogastric region | Middle lower region below umbilical region |
| RUQ Right upper quadrant | Right love of the liver , gallbladder, part of the pancreas,part of the small intestine, part of the large intestine |
| LUQ Left upper quadrant | Left love of the liver Stomach Spleen Part of the pancreas Part of the small intestine Part of the large intestine |
| RLQ Right lower Quadrant | Part of the small intestine Part of the large intestine Right ovary Right Fallopian tube Appendix Right ureter |
| LLQ Left lower quadrant | Part of the small intestine Part of the large intestine Left ovary Left Fallopian tube Left ureter |
| Divisions of the spinal column | 5 divisions |
| Division one C spine Cervical spine | Neck region There are 7 cervical vertebrae C1 through C7 |
| Division two T spine Thoracic spine | Chest region 12 thoracic vertebrae T1 through T12 Each bone is joined to a rib |
| Division three L spine Lumbar spine | Loin or waist flank region Between ribs & hipbone 5 lumbar vertebrae L1 through L5 |
| Division four S spine Sacral spine | 5 bones S1 through S5 Fused to form one bone The sacrum |
| Division five Coccygeal spine | The coccyx or tailbone is a small bone composed of 4 fused pieces |
| Vertebra | Single back bone |
| Vertebrae | Back bones |
| Spinal column | Bone tissue Surrounding the spinal cavity |
| Spinal cord | Nervous tissue Within the spinal cavity |
| Disk or disc | Pad of cartilage between the vertebrae |
| Anterior | Front side of body |
| Posterior | Back side of body |
| Deep | Away from the surface |
| Superficial | On the surface |
| Proximal | Near the point of attachment to the trunk or near the beginning of structure |
| Distal | Far from the point of attachment to the trunk |
| Inferior | Below another structure |
| Superior | Above another structure |
| Medial | Pertaining to the middle |
| Lateral | To the side |
| Supine | Lying on the back |
| Prone | Lying on belly |
| Planes of the body | 3 planes |
| Frontal plane Coronal | Vertical plane Dividing the body into anterior & posterior portions |
| Sagittarius plane Lateral | Lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body into right & left sides |
| Transverse plane Axial | Horizontal cross section Running across the body parallel to the ground |
| Cell membrane | Structure surrounding and protecting the cell. It determines what enters and leaves the cell |
| Chromosomes | Rod shaped structure in the nucleus that contains regions of DNA called genes. There are 23 pairs therefore 46 chromosomes total in every cell Excluding the egg and sperm cell that have only 23 unpaired chromosomes |
| Cytoplasm | All material outside the nucleus but contained within the cell membrane |
| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome Arranged like a sequence of recipes in code It directs the activities of the cell |
| Endoplasmic reticulum | Network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell Here large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces |
| Mitochondria | Structures in the cytoplasm that provide the principal source of energy for the cell Miniature power plant Catabolism is the process that occurs in mitochondria |
| Nucleus | Control centre of the cell it contains chromosomes and directs the activities of the cell |
| Ribosomes | Small granules that help the cell make proteins Attached to the endoplasmic reticulum |
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